Healthy People and Your Community - Discussion Essay

well-grounded mess and Your Community - Discussion - Essay ExampleThe infirmary has developed an initiative whereby patients are delegate to primary care physicians who are charged with the task of overseeing them to prevent upshots in which a simple case can turn into an indispensability one. This has further proved fruitful after the hospital conducted a architectural plan of educating the volume around on how best to handle illnesses to avoid last minute emergencies in hospitals (Healthy People 2012).The hospital facility has built various units around the place to facilitate easy access by patients. These units provide the requisite wellnesscare services that most of the patients need at any given cartridge holder. The hospital has also partnered with respective health insurance companies in charge of providing covers to clients who need health care. This is because most people who do not have insurance covers cannot easily receive healthcare, are more likely to pass off because of lack or inadequate provision of healthcare and are likely to have poor health status(Healthy People 2012).The hospital has developed effective transport systems, with ready ambulances with first aid nurses who move patients with emergency cases to the nearest health facility with ease. These health facilities have enough doctors who work in shifts to ensure no patients wait longer either in emergency departments or outpatient departments. This goes on well even with separate hospital departments such as labs, which ensure the tests required are conducted and treatment made within the shortest time possible (Healthy People 2012).The disparity comes in terms of racial and social discrimination as Blares and convert (2010) describe, which to some extend is reduced but still there among elderly health workers. This creates fear among the nonage who might be suffering yet they need healthcare services. To reduce this problem, the government needs to constitute the minority healthcare workers in the profession, to reduce the gap. This will increase the

Metabolic syndrome and its management in schizophrenia Essay

Metabolic syndrome and its management in schizophrenia - Essay ExampleAmong some other symptoms that are interrelated with schizophrenia is metabolic syndrome.Metabolic syndrome is a complex of certain risk factors that are likely to cause a person to develop cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, and it traditionally includes abdominal corpulence (with cannon circumference more than 88 or 102 cm with women and men correspondingly), hypertriglyceridemia, high transmission line pressure, increase blood sugar level, and others. A patients having the majority of these factors is considered a risk to the health, however it has not been discovered how each of the higher up mentioned symptoms influences the development of diseases. (Thakore 2005)People suffering from schizophrenia are said to be in more risk of infection of cardiovascular diseases than the rest of the population. Taking into account that these diseases are affecting the life of the society the most, this problem is v ery(prenominal) topical. What is the connection between schizophrenia, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndromeWith patients suffering from schizophrenia, there are certain risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases, and many of them are of a metabolic character. Such elements of metabolic syndrome as high blood pressure, dislipidemy, increased blood sugar level, abdominal corpulence - all these stimulate the development of cardiovascular diseases, for example myocardial infarction.

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR Term Paper

TRAINING AND development IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR - Term Paper ExampleTherefore, cultural competency simply entails peoples abilities of understand the differences between group contexts like in work environments. Thus, organizations are increasingly implementing cultural competency plans with an suggest of encouraging a cultural tolerance culture. In particular, this piece of work strives to outline the best bearing through which an organization can implement cultural competency plan with a deeper search for the antithetic definitions of the concept.There are opposite definitions of cultural competency, but all of them point to the tolerance of diversity indoors a group. Kirmayer (2012) defines cultural competency as a group of harmonious behaviors, policies, and attitudes that integrates into an organization, among professionals or agencies and allows for efficient mathematical operation in cross-cultural situations. A deeper definition of cultural competency posits that the co ncept involves transformation and integration of intimacy about individuals or groups into explicit standards, practices, attitudes, and policies within the appropriate cultural settings (Lie et al., 2011). The transformation and integration increases service character reference thus leading to greater organizational performance.A culturally competent individual considers his or her cognition of the world and compares it to others. The perception is also important in organizational situations and executives should understand that that different cultural circumstance is what constitutes the universe. On the other hand, cultural competence refers to the act of obtaining particular cultural information and applying the knowledge in the right manner (Lie et al., 2011). Therefore, cultural competency enables all people in the organization to see the existent picture about other employees and helps in improving quality of services and business operations. However, acquiring different cultural perspectives and practicing them compels individuals to be

A Study of F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Beautiful and Damned and The Great Essay

A Study of F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Beautiful and Damned and The Great Gatsby - Essay pillow slipOn the other hand, there ar those who believe that concourse are not obliged to be proactive when it comes to living their lives, as people are not forced into doing anything as a expiration of poverty-stricken will, and because everything has already been written by more or less higher being therefore, there is nothing people drop really do to change the track their lives are taking and are about to take.For example, when peerless attempts at something and fails, adopting the previously mentioned way of thinking, he or she will take things in a variant way, as that person believes that his or her fate has already been drawn and that there is nothing that can be done to change it.Two of the most renowned works of F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Beautiful and Damned and The Great Gatsby, some(prenominal) deal with these issues . Before one delves deeper, it is important to note that the se two terms can be and are actually used interchangeably. The dictionary definition of both terms state that fate is the principle or determining cause or will by which things in general are believed to come to be as they are or events to happen as they do an inevitable and often adverse outcome, condition, or end (Merriam-Webster, 2006) and that destiny is a predetermined course of events often held to be an irresistible power or agency (Merriam-Webster, 2006), both definitions pertaining to the same idea.This essay will examine some key events in both The Great Gastb... taking into account the previous definitions of fate, one cannot help but ask, as Schopenhauer did in some sections of The World as Will and Representation Do humans have any choice with think to their lives The exemption of choice is brought about by free will. But using the strictest definition of the word fate, how does free will come into play Does the existence of and belief in fate mean that this kind of f reedom is disregarded, so to speakThere are those who believe, however, that there is a difference between fate and destiny, wherein the consequences of an individuals actions and decisions give up a heavier weight. Through this kind of thinking, it is believed that fate is something that happens to man, giving him or her no choice with regard to his or her fate. On the contrary, destiny is that which man wishes to achieve something toward which man strives.The Beautiful and Damned was published in 1922. Taking the works title into context, the word Damned actually depicts the protagonist and his fate. Fitzgeralds description of the actions and characters in the novel reveal a pessimistic picture of life in America in the 1920s. The time, place, and circumstances the characters in the novel were natural into appear to be the determining factor to the misery they suffer and yet these facts were out of their control. With the definition of fate, it can be said that these things are already written from the beginning, and completely and deeply affect a persons life.This finicky work is about a generation of individuals who lived after the First World War. Because of such circumstances, it is believed that these

ITM301 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ITM301 SLP - turn out ExampleEvidently the user-friendly structure and the dependability of the site are the major reasons why Wikipedia has have the highest ranking sites. Overall appeal Wikipedia is a professionally designed website for its simple whiteboard and well optimized subject area and images. The absence seizure of promotional content also enhances its professional appeal. The article on distance education published on the site can be taken as an example for its outstanding level of content and outer link feasibility. At the same time, the well-bound internal linking structure also makes the specific article knave and the entire site extraordinary. As in every case of Wikipedia articles, the distance education also provides readers with hundreds of keywords and phrases which domesticate as internal and external links for further research. Strengths of the site The website is rather interactive for it allows users to contribute to the content development and editing. Although it tends one to be skeptical of the reliability of the information, today inaccuracy is less likely to happen because of its reinforced self-control. The Wikipedia gives number of other options like contents, featured contents, current events, and random articles at the left hand military position of the web pages which help users to trace required information quickly.

Global Skills and Global Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Skills and Global Knowledge - Essay ExampleThe bleak insights gained from learning the French culture and language equipped me with the basal skills to increase the possibility of living in Europe and enable me to communicate with others using their language. Further, by reinforcing learning the dimensions of culture, I was able to acquire a better edge from other people of the same qualifications as mine, but without the knowledge of speaking French. by means of learning intricate details of the French culture, I was fortunate to have shared interesting facts that could remediate communication, interpersonal relationships and possible entry to global organizations from that country, in particular, if given the right opportunity. To reiterate, I enrolled in a French for travel class that provided basic theoretical guidelines on grammar, syntax and frequently used statements for everyday communication. In doing so, proficiency in French was initially gained. With regular p ractice and continued study in higher class modules, I am sure that I would be highly proficient in the language. These skills could be applied in future plans to either live or work in Europe. The basic communication skills of learning French would be used for relevant correspondences both speaking and writing, as virtuoso envisions working with a global organization, either in France, or with branches in Europe. As a effect of learning a third language, I gained more competence and confidence to communicate with people from France or from other French speaking countries.

Leadership and Entreprenuership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

lead and Entreprenuership - Essay Exampled as a multidimensional concept encompassing the firms actions relating to product-market and technological foundation garment, risk pickings and proactiveness (Kellermans & Eddleston, 2006). Thus an entrepreneur is a person who is prepared for new challenges, face adversities, take risk and reach profits by identifying opportunities and utilizing the resources available. Leadership has been defined as natural and learned ability, skill and personal characteristics to sway interpersonal relations, which influence people to take desired actions (Eric, n.d.). Thus effective leadership requires accomplishment and influencing. Leadership requires trust and commitment of others, which they stinker achieve through their own way and integrity. Leaders create and atomic reactor with change leadership requires vision, direction, strategies, motivation and inspiring. While both entrepreneurship and leadership possess certain traits in common, no t all of the leadership traits are necessary in an entrepreneur.Entrepreneurship to a large extent relies on leadership. Jong and Hartog (2003) have reviewed various definitions of leadership and conclude that three main elements group, influence and goal make a leader. These three elements are related to an entrepreneur who can influence his co-workers with the intermediate goal of enhancing their innovative behavior in order to improve the number and quality of innovations and eventually firm performance.Entrepreneurial attitude can be measured in terms of achievement, innovation, personal control, self esteem, and opportunity recognition (Lindsay, 2005). Lindsay further clarifies that innovation includes recognizing and acting upon business activities in new and unique ways. Achievement can be associated with business start-up and product results, while self-esteem includes self-confidence. Personal control involves individual perceptions of control and influence over business a ffairs. creativeness is one of key

Violent video games and their effects on children Essay

Violent video games and their effects on children - Essay ExampleVideo games rival other films in terms of original scores, detai conduct artwork, directors, producers, and baloney lines (Collier et al 107). This is evident as more movies be based on video games, just as games have long been based on movies (Collier et al 107). There has also been a change of demographics of gamers. For example, in that location has been a rise of more adults between 18 to 49 years play video games as compared to adolescents (Collier et al 107). This has guide to increased popularity of the games. As a result, there has been the inclusion of more scenes that are violent, nude, and dose use. This has also led to change of orientation of these games with more focus on mature gamers. This in turn, has led to rise of popularity and availability of mature games to children especially through internet retailers. The increased availability of video games has led to concern over their effects on childr en. A reflection on violent video games in children helps in gaining insight on their effect on children.Video games lead to aggression and hostility in children. Playing violent video games has been significantly associated with aggressive behaviors (Boyce, Schanding, Burridge and Keller-Margulis 31). The result of analysis carried out suggested that violent videogames are significantly correlated with an increase in aggressive behavior and a decrease in empathy and mixer behavior in children (Boyce et al 31). The effects were shown to be both short term and long-term. The effects formulate due to physiological arousal and hostility that occurs after playing the videogame. Most the content in the videogames is amenable for the rise of negative behavior. For example, the arousal may occur due to the amount of blood or force in the videogame. These may significantly influence the aggressive behavior. Another research showed that adolescents that engage in more mature rated games were more likely to

Taylors Law and the Right to Strike by Public Employees Research Paper

Taylors legality and the Right to Strike by Public Employees - Research Paper ExampleThe law states that the public employers should bring off and enter into agreements with the unions regarding the terms and conditions of employing their employees. The law highlights the procedures to resolute collective bargaining dis tack togetheres as well as defines and prohibits either improper practices conducted by public employers and union. Taylor Law strictly prohibits strikes by public employees and establishes a state power known as the Public Employment Relations Board (PERB) that is responsible for administering the law (PERB 2013). While the statements which be asserted are not conclusive regarding the existence of such a right, there is an immediate wish to inquire and determine whether a right to strike exists or not. Discussion Right to Strike by Public Employees Strikes are collective actions which are taken by workers as a means of safeguarding their avocation (Swiatkowski 2005, 285). Over the last six decades, the International Labor Organization (ILO) has recognized that there is a supreme right to strike by public employees that are inextricably interlinked to and an unavoidable consequence of the right to license of association (Bellace 2013, 2). According to Samuelsen (2012), the right of public employee unions to bargain collectively is be challenged aggressively by fusty politicians and media. In the United States of America, both the Republican and Democratic Government pee-pee collectively supported the regulations (bills) that put restrictions on what unions can bargain for and have bludgeoned public workers into massive cuts. Under the impression of the freedom of association, it was witnessed rather frequently that workers joined together to demand better terms of employment from their employers. If the employer refrained from agreeing to their demands then workers usually resorted to whatever form of industrial actions such as str ikes, boycotts or picketing in order to put pressure on the employee to meet their demands (Bellace 2013, 6-7). Every public employee does deserve the right to strike in order to prevent themselves from being exploited by their superior or employer. It is of utmost importance to demonstrate disagreement in situations where luxuriant domination is done by the employers (Lacampagne 1983, 510). Milne (2011) explains that there are five reasons why public service workers have the right to strike. The beginning explains that the government is trying to exploit the employees by trying to make most knuckle under more and work longer for less even after the months modest concessions. The author explained that this practice is being done by the government not to fund pensions because people are animated longer, but to help bail out banks by paying the deficit when an economic crisis is triggered.

CPA or a Contract Specialist Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CPA or a cut back Specialist - Assignment ExampleThere atomic number 18 two occupational areas I would like to pursue, and these are to be a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) or a Contract Specialist for the government. allow me tackle each duty separately so I can present them individually and in groovyer detail. Id like to be a CPA because the demand for this type of business organization has not diminished in the last 5 to 10 years. I also find this profession challenging and very interesting, and this career also offers a lot of possible options on the lateral level, and as you go up the occupational ladder.The educational requirements to be a CPA varies dependent on the bow you are applying to. For some, a baccalaureate degree in Accounting would suffice. However, in others, additional Accounting courses in the graduate level would have to be taken and some other exams have to be passed. ease others require a Masters Degree in Accounting or Business Administration.. Acco untants count with numbers a lot. Every company is usually dependent on the accounting department for their financial statements, tax computations, salaries and wages among other things. CPAs are usually hired by private companies as full-time or part-time consultant, or are employed full-time in Accounting and Auditing Firms. From this end, accountants make great use of their time and talent in assisting individuals, corporations, government and private corporations in trying to make brain of all the figures which affect the company in more ways than one. Consequently, the ever-increasing requirement for CPAs is further intensified.

Does the responsibility to protect satisfactorily address the moral Essay

Does the responsibility to protect satisfactorily address the moral and political dilemmas be by humanitarian intervention consider with reference to various perspectives - Essay ExampleThe responsibility to contradict dimension stipulates that different situations compelling human need should be answered with appropriate measures much(prenominal) as armed forces intervention. Further, the responsibility to rebuild dimension requires the provision of full assistance in situations of crisis. In most cases, the chore of these dimensions necessitates the need for humanitarian intervention. Many human rights activists see humanitarian intervention as a neat thing since it appears to enact a commitment to the emancipatory ideals of freedom from oppression, respect for human dignity and valuing of human bearing (Orford 2003, p.34)However, humanitarian intervention brings in some moral and political dilemmas such as the possibility of incursion of sovereign rights of a given state a nd its national interest or the justification for the need for such intervention (Chesterman, 2001). In general, humanitarian intervention does not meet all of the requirements of a just state of war doctrine, lending credence to the argument that the legitimacy of this intervention in its totality questionable. However, the observance of discrimination and residue principles, the prohibition of use of armed force against another sovereign state except for self apology and enforcement measures endorsed by the Security Council in Chapter VII of the Charter and the goal of stopping grave violations of human rights satisfactorily address the ethical and political dilemmas posed by humanitarian

495 disc Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

495 disc - Assignment ExampleThe ability to choose your roommate and boast access to television and DVD player is very enticing. Interns like having fun and accessing such facilities together with the immunity is great. Availability of the house cleaner give interns more time to focus on the productivity of the company.In line with the weeks readings, Qualcomm incorporated Maslow hierarchy of needs theory as an employee motivational and retention tool. It tries to meet the need s of the interns in order to make the motivated and have interest in working for the company in future (Montana & Charnov, 2008). Through the payment, the company accomplishes the physiological and security need of its interns. pass the interns the opportunity to choose their roommates in the fully furnished houses help them meet their social needs. The strategies adopted by Qualcomm make the interns comfortable. Chances of requesting retention to work for the company are

Week 5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 5 - Assignment ExampleThe Learning Team had found that the initial ethics program that had been implemented by the company for over a year had lacked major factors that ar indispensable for the comely upbringing of the ethics practiced within the company. The previous ethics program did not squander into consideration the checking up on the rest of the staff that were working under the supervisors and managers. Studies have shown that training classes that ar aimed at all of the employees in a company are the best teachers with regard to ethical conduct and meeting the expectations of the companys top officers (Hadden, 2009). Proper enforcement of the company policies are also in carry of improvement as a number of employees take for granted the lack of discipline that is given to them by the managers and supervisors.Seeing the changes that need to be made in order to improve the company, the Learning Team suggests the pursuance in order to address the needed changes in the Ethics program within the company gaining proper feedbacks from company employees and ethical training for employees. In order to address to the training for the employees at hand, studies have shown that a role playing type of company training would help employees interact more with one some other and build rapport with one another. Proper ethics training would prove to create a well-grounded amount of accountability and would result to an environment that workers would make the right decisions in terms of ethics and therefore include the maintenance of a highly productive work environment for them to stay in (Hadden, 2009).In order to get results on the implementation of the new set of company policies on the employees, rewarding systems are one way of catching the attention of the employee but instead of the reward, per se, attracting the employee, the work that comes from the reward would be something they would get hold of for more.

Integumentary System Worksheet Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Integumentary System Worksheet - Coursework ExampleThis is the well-nigh car park splutter genus Cancer among people with fair skin. Patients with Basal cell Cancer have pink and waxy bumps that can draw after a minor injury.This type of cancer originates in squamous cells. It is a great deal in areas not in the sun such as feet and legs. However, for fair skin people, it appears in areas that have been in the sun. This is the most common type of skin cancer among dark skin people. Patients with this skin cancer have dull red, rough, and leprose skin lesions.The most common risk factor for skin cancer is exposure to sunlight, which is a cite of UV radiation. The suns rays cause skin damages, which can lead to skin cancer. Individuals can treasure themselves from skin cancer by avoiding outdoor activities when the suns rays are strong usually during the ticker of the day. The rays can go through windows, clouds, windshields, and light clothing. We should also wear long pants , long sleeves, and particularly tightly woven fabrics. People should also wear sunglasses that absorb UV radiation to protect the skin area around the eyes. It is also advisable to wear wide brim hats that shade the neck and face.This is the least(prenominal) serious of the three types of burns. In a first-degree burn, the outer layer of the skin burns. The skin is usually conceited and red in color although the outer layer of skin is not burned through. There is often a swelling and there might be some pain.A skin injury is a second-degree burn if the first layer of the skin is burned through and the second layer is burned. Blisters develop and the display of the skin changes to a reddened, splotchy appearance. There is severe pain and swelling in the second degree burns.This is the most severe skin burn and it involves all layers of the skin. Third degree burn may affect muscle, fill out and even bones. The burned areas may appear dry and white or may be charred black. Diffic ulties in exhaling or inhaling and carbon monoxide poisoning

Integrating Values - The Legality, Morality, and Social Responsibility Essay

Integrating Values - The Legality, Morality, and Social office of Nike - Essay ExampleFor many agate linemen, ethical values are not very pertinent to the handicraft. except over the period of time, legal and ethical responsibilities are started to be regarded as one of the prime peremptory factor of a businesss success (Ferrell, Fraedrich & Ferrell, 2009). The reason why it is necessary to regulate business practices by legal and ethical evaluation is because business is an essential constituent of the human society (Roa, 2007). production line organizations today are coming to realize that the famous dictum by Milton Freidman, the social responsibility of business is to increase its profits, may not hold much wisdom. This is well-exemplified in the example of Nike. Nike is a world-renowned producer of sportswear and other sports items. However, the company has had to face some major issues in the past related to its unethical treat. disrespect the fact that Nike is not the sole organization to be found guilty of unethical practices, it became the hub of censure and aspersion because of its international presence and significant market share. In response, Nike took myriad of steps to improve its image and to shoot the process of manufacturing transparent. However, these measures have failed to be of much consequence. This paper will analyze the business practices of Nike in the mise en scene of three main values i.e. law, ethics and social responsibility. ... The legal responsibilities of a business are in effect manifestations of the societys perception of codified ethics and reflect the primary perceptions of just conduct as defined by the law (Carroll & Buchholtz, 2008). The business is accountable to the society for the fulfilment of this role impuissance to do so, the business is contented to a political process where the dissidents are dealt with. Thus, public companies are liable to plastered legal responsibilities and are required to compl y with them as part of their role in producing goods and services for the society. Nike, however, has been the subject of disapproval due to the fact that its policies and practices have not been observant of the laws and legal responsibilities set forth for businesses. It was in the early 1990s that criticism against Nikes practices began to come to light. Nike has been a famous name in the habiliment and sports items industry. Seeing the large market share that it had abroad and the appeal of lesser manufacturing costs, Nike outsourced to a number of countries much than a couple of decades ago. There was nothing wrong in subcontracting work to other factories in the selenium region. Nike did not violate any laws and argued that it provided jobs to many people in the poor countries (Hill & Jain, 2009). However its prime designer was to increment the profits it made and to bring down the costs of manufacturing. For many years before the criticism being levelled against the orga nization gathered substantial support, ethical and legal aspects of business conduct did not picture the cost-profit equation of Nike. Nikes factories overseas had poor working conditions despite the

Logic of Statistical Significance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Logic of Statistical Signifi lavatoryce - Essay ExampleTaking a sample of 1000 people, the nominal survey data collected is as shownSuppose the null possible action is gender and preferences are independent. Then on evaluating the test statistics, getting a value of 16.2 using the dot of freedom of 2. Comparing this t-statistic with the critical value obtained from the chi- distribution table, suppose the significance level of 0.05 is chosen. Then it can be ascertained that the finding is significant as the t-statistic is higher than the critical value. This leads to the rejection of the null hypothesis and in any case the arrival of a conclusion that there exists a relationship between preferences and gender for that product.For the case of ordinal number data survey, as in the example of a survey comparing the mean weights of male and womanly students. A statistical hypothesis test is used for making decisions on the data. The test result is deliberate from the null hypothes is. The test sample is said to be statistically significant if its occurrence is unlikely to nurse been by chance alone. The statistically significant result that is given by probability p-value is less than the sceptre of a significant level then it justifies the rejection of the null hypothesis. Once the variations have been attained, the Fischer value is calculated and is compared to the f critical value from the table at a given degree of confidence (Carlson, 1976).Another weighty concept to consideration is the use of one-tailed or two-tailed significance tests. (StatPac Inc, 2012) The hypothesis determines the selection of each. If the hypothesis gives directions, for example, men broadly weigh more than women then the one-tailed significance test is employed. However, if the hypothesis gives no directions as in the example, there is no significant difference in performances between boys and girls, and then the two-tailed significance test is used. The two-test probability is hardly twice the one-test probability

Calcium carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid Essay Example for Free

Calcium carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid Essay1. Spatula We use the spatula to gull out the atomic number 20 carbonate from the jar because it was the only equipment menial enough to fit through and through the jar. Using another piece of equipment, for example a spoon, would be too considerable to fit through. 1. measure Boat We placed the calcium carbonate in the weighing boat after we measured it. The weighing boat is light, so it will not affect how we measure the calcium carbonate. 1. Goggles We wore goggles as part of our health and safety rules that we had to follow to stop any injuries from happening. An example for when we regard goggles is when we make to prevent acid from getting into your midsections as it may damage your eyes for the long term. 1. cone-shaped flask with angle We apply this piece of equipment because we needed to put in the reactants (calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid) that we used when standard the tally of bobble beingness prod uced. It attached onto the gas spray so the gas that was produced in the reception could pass through the tube to be measured. The bung is thither to make sure that the gas being produced, does not escape from the conical flask.The method consists of several steps 1. Put on your lab come out and goggles. 2. Gather all the equipment that you need e. g. gas piston chamber with fib flask, two clamp stands, measuring boat, measuring cylinder, and stop watch. 3. Set your equipment up e. g. clamp the gas cylinder into one clamp stand, and clamp the chronicle flask into the other clamp stand, making sure they atomic number 18 at the same height 4. peak the hydrochloric acid with a measuring cylinder. 5. Pour the acid into the chronicle flask 6. Weigh out the calcium carbonate with the electronic symmetricalness7. Pour the calcium carbonate into the chronicle flask 8. Place the bung on straight away, and start the digital stop watch 9. Take readings from the gas cylinder each 10 sec onds. Main try out changing the ascend area. The equipment we used was pipette. We used this to make sure the slew of acid used was as holy as realizable. The way we measured the acid was at eye level from the bottom of the meniscus. We used the gas syringe to measure the brashness of carbon dioxide gas produced. The syringe was meticulous because it measured record in 1ml divisions.We used the electronic balance to ensure the try is finespun because the electronic balance is measured to 2 decimal places and we too used the stop clock as it is precise because it measured to hundredth seconds. This helped us accurately record the plentys of gas at our set intervals. In the surface area we made sure that we unplowed the 2M of the hydrochloric acid for each examine of the surface area. We likewise used a mercury thermometer as it gives us a better precise reading and allows us to chat whether the temperature of the hydrochloric acid makes a difference to the results.The method of the experiment of surface area was on the inaugural experiment we used small calcium chips with the visual modality of 1. 5g. We measured this by using an electronic balance and we used 2M of hydrochloric acid of a chroma of 30ml, by using a measuring cylinder which allowed us to measure the volume accurately. The second experiment we used speciality calcium chips with the mass of 1. 5. We measured this by using an electronic balance and we used 2M of hydrochloric acid of a volume of 30ml by using a measuring cylinder which allowed us to measure the volume accurately.For the third experiment we used large calcium chips with the mass of 1. 5g. We measured this by using an electronic balance and we used 2M of hydrochloric acid of a volume of 30ml by using a measuring cylinder which allowed us to measure the volume accurately. For all experiment for the surface area we poured the hydrochloric acid into the conical flask, and then added the calcium chips as debased as p ossible to ensure the gas does not escape into the air, and not in the gas cylinder. As soon as we placed the bung inside the conical flask, we immediately started the stop watch and timed it up to one hundred twenty seconds.For every 10 seconds the person in role of the stop watch would shout at every 10 seconds, and the other person reading the gas cylinder will shout how fast the rubber, provide is moving out of the gas cylinder. Then we would record the results in the table and repeat the same experiment 5 times to make the results precise and reliable. Results for surface area. We prototypal started off with calcium carbonate pulverisation (1. 5g)with hydrochloric acid (30ml) but the reception took place within 5 seconds and immediately reacted. Therefore it was very fast and it was impossible for us to take any readings.Because of this we decided to use calcium carbonate chips so it is easier to take the reading. table 4. Results for small chips of calcium carbonate Calci um Small Chips 1. 5g Hydrochloric Acid 2M 30ml slew Of Gas Produced (ml) quantify repeating1 (ml) Repeat 2 (ml) Repeat 3 (ml) Repeat 4 (ml) Repeat5 (ml) Averages Evaluating the results for small chips of calcium carbonate Table 4 shows the surface area of small calcium chips. We did this by using 1.5g of small calcium chips and 30ml of volume of 2M hydrochloric acid. There does not seem to be any outliers a good start for the first results. As you can see we repeated the experiment 5 times to result precision. From the Table 4, we can see that the volume of gas produced increased fast towards the average of 110. From this we were keen to find out if the medium calcium chips made a more noticeable difference. Table 5.Evaluating results for medium chips of calcium carbonate Calcium mean(a) Chips 1. 5g Hydrochloric Acid 2M 30ml Volume Of Gas Produced (ml) Time Repeat1 (ml) Repeat 2 (ml) Repeat 3 (ml) Repeat 4 (ml) Repeat 5(ml) Averages EC Outliers Evaluating results for medium chip s of calcium carbonate.In Table 5, we show the surface area of medium calcium chips. We did this by using 1. 5g of medium calcium chips and 30ml of volume of 2M hydrochloric acid. In this graph there seems to be an outliner which is highlighted in blue. For the averages we did not include the outlier to give us a more reliable and precise average. As you can see we repeated the experiment 5 times to assure result precision. From Table 5 we can see that the volume of gas produced has gradually increased towards the time of great hundred seconds. This shows that medium chips are the best results so far.To make sure we take a leak concluded the right decision we wanted to pock if large calcium chips would make a stronger difference. Table 6. Evaluating results for large chips Calcium Large Chips 1. 5g Hydrochloric Acid 2M 30ml Volume Of Gas Produced (ml) Time Repeat 1 (ml) Repeat 2 (ml) Repeat 3(ml) Repeat 4 (ml) Repeat 5 (ml) Averages emp= 24EC 24EC 24EC 24EC 23EC Outliers Evaluati ng results for large chips of calcium carbonate.In Table 6 we show the surface area of large calcium chips. We did this by using 1. 5g of large calcium chips and 30ml of volume of 2M hydrochloric acid. In this graph there seems to be an outliner which is highlighted in blue. In the outlier the temperature on the hydrochloric acid was 23EC, which is an inconvenience and the rest of the results that dont have an outlier have all got 24EC. This tells us the that the change in temperature may be a reason why there may be an outlier.For the averages we did not include the outlier to give us a more reliable and precise average. As you can see we repeated the experiment 5 times to assure precision in results. From the Table 6 we can see that the volume of gas produced has gradually increased towards the time of 120 seconds. This shows that large chips results are also reliable. Graphs for surface area. In the graph I can see that small chips used in the reaction releases more volume of gas in (ml) is better as it increases the bill of carbon dioxide produced till 100 seconds so the amount of carbon dioxide produced from 100 120 seconds becomes constant.The medium chips starts relinquish gas at 10 seconds at a volume of 9ml. The volume of gas then increases up to 120 at a volume of 83ml. The large chips starts releasing gas at 10 seconds at a volume of 9ml and the volume of gas then increases up to 120 seconds at a volume of 85ml. Because we did not carry on timing the experiment we do not know if the rate of reaction decreases at 120 seconds and more because both large and medium chips seem to be increasing the volume of gas. As you can see from these results in the graph.large and medium chips release almost the same amount of carbon dioxide. This means that both the differences between large and medium are insignificant. as the range bar overlap. Conclusion for surface area In the surface area there was more area obtainable for collisions to take place. If the reactant is a solid it is necessary to break it into smaller pieces to increase surface area. In the surface area results, we found out that as the mass of the calcium chips are larger it increases the speed of the particles.The instant(prenominal) the particles move, the greater the number of collisions, and therefore the rate of the reaction increases. Chemical reactions take place by chance. Particles need to collide with enough f number so that they react. As surface area is increased the particles move faster since they have more energy. This means that they are colliding more often and most of the collisions have enough velocity to cause a reaction. Since there are more collisions the chemical reaction takes place faster. Main experiment changing concentration. The equipment we used was pipette.We used this to make sure the volume of acid used was as accurate as possible. The way we measured the acid was at eye level from the bottom of the meniscus. We used the gas syring e to measure the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced. The syringe was precise because it measured volume in 1ml divisions. We used the electronic balance to ensure the experiment is precise because the electronic balance is measured to 2 decimal places. Qe also used the stop clock as it is precise because it measured to hundredth seconds which helped us accurately record the volumes of gas at our set intervals.In the concentration we made sure that we kept the calcium carbonate small chips of 1. 5g and the hydrochloric acid 30ml but just changed the M to 0. 5M, 1M, 1. 5M, 2M for each experiment for the concentration. We also used a mercury thermometer as it gives us a more precise reading and allows us to see whether the temperature of the hydrochloric acid makes a difference in the results. The method of the experiment for the concentration was on the first experiment as we used small calcium chips with the mass of 1. 5g. We measured this by using an electronic balance and we use d 0.5M of hydrochloric acid of a volume of 30ml by using a measuring cylinder which allowed us to measure the volume accurately. In the second experiment we used small calcium chips with the mass of 1. 5. We measured this by using an electronic balance and we used 1M of hydrochloric acid of a volume of 30ml by using a measuring cylinder which allowed us to measure the volume accurately. For the third experiment we used small calcium chips with the mass of 1. 5g.

Promote Products Essay Example for Free

Promote Products Essay1. 1 Choose a product or service that could be promoted. Explain how and why you would promote that product or service. Identify at least(prenominal) three types of personnel you could use to help you plan and organise the promotion. What role would they play? How would their skills and experience help you? At work we are currently promoting our GPS products. We have chosen to promote these via direct marketing and by targeting certain business types. I liaised with our sales consultants, who talk to these people on a daily basis, to aim on what language should be used and what information they felt was most relevant to put across. We mandatory a graphic designer to create and develop ideas for the letters and DL flyers being sent. I as well as needed to involve juniors in the business to assist with folding letters and stuffing envelopes as we had primed(p) that this would be a cheaper option for the business than using a mail house. 1. 2 Make a list of resources you would need for the promotion and identify where you could get them. Explain any actions you would need to take in order to have the resources ready for promotion.The database we purchased contained 7,000 leads so we then needed to purchase paper, envelops, ink, establish stamps and organise postage. Paper, envelopes and labels for return address were all ordered in advance from Staples. Ink was also pre-ordered to ensure we didnt go through out during the print job. We then liaised with Australia Post to determine the best way to post this number of letters. We chose their modify mail option which meant having to mark each envelope with a pre paid stamp before taking to the post office. This stamp was purchased through Australia Post.

Western Governors University Essay Example for Free

westward Governors University EssayAccording to The Levine Institute (2013), the border globalisation can be defined as a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of several(p ruddyicate) nations. Globalization and modernization bring on been occurring for thousands of years around the world. This can be further explained as the exploit that modern nations comport on non- infracted nations and cultures. The influences that modern nations have can either be related to send out or in unionize contact. Both globalization and modernization can have positive and negative impacts on cultural practices. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of globalization on native non-Western cultural practices. more or less founts of globalization on native non-Western cultural practices include the influence of c fitting boob tube in India, the golden commerce in China, and the factor that globalization has played in South Koreas growth and economic success. While some have had success and felt positive economic effects of globalization, the influence of television in India may have negatively impacted the previously religious and spiritual cultural that existed out front the globalization period. This cultural shift in India was influenced partially by the World peck Organization. The World Trade Organization assisted in lowering import taxes which allowed India to economically benefit by being able to produce products at a much reduced price for the American consumers.The cultural in India importantly changed during this period and while it was previously uncommon to see unrelated women and men living together out front the economic shift, it is currently common practice. The economic shift that was directed related to globalization may have also been responsible for unintentionally influencing an plus in violence over the past decade. A nonher example of globalization takes shopping mall in Japan. W hen McDonalds restaurant first came to Japan in May 1971, a phenomenon was cr occupyed by introducing the concept of Western lush food to a foreign country (Chang, 2011). Before the presentment of McDonalds, Japan cultural had centered on family food preparation and rituals, such as obento.Obento is prepared by Japanese mothers and The tradition becomes part of the social education of two parent and child and creates a participation between home and school for a youngsters earliest forays away from family (Gordon, 2005). Japanese mothers would return nearly an hour crafting the elaborate obento for their child to take to school every day. Teachers would judge the obento and ensure that circumstantial rules were followed during the crafting of the meal, such as the food being as handmade as possible, appetizing, and aesthetically appealing (Gordon, 2005).In Japan, obento symbolized the mothers responsibility to food preparation and a childs responsibility to education. The des ign of McDonalds took some time to spread in Japan but cleaver marketing strategies back up in changing the face of fast food. According to Chang (2011), McDonalds marketed as a stylish place to go to with family and friends. They have also included special menus for Japanese customers such as American regional burgers and teriyaki burgers. McDonalds also added a variety of unique toys that were specific to the Japanese culture in frys happy meals. Since the introduction of fast food, Japans corpulency rates have uprise tremendously.The director of the Drug Discovery Research Center at Kyoto University, Gozoh Tsujimoto, blames Westernized fast food for Japanese obesity rates rising threefold from 1962 to 2002 (Hooper, 2012). Tsujimoto attributes the 20% Japanese obesity rating related to Lifestyle factors have become Westernized. Especially, food has become Westernized and mainly high-calorie and high fat (Hooper, 2012). McDonalds now has over 3,300 restaurants in Japan, which is the largest number of stores outside of the United States (Chang, 2011). In addition to obesity and food preparation practices, the introduction of fast food in Japan has also caused a large increase in the consumption of red meat.The older and younger generations in Japan responded differently to the influence of fast food. The older generations continue to eat at home more often, however, the younger generations continue to eat out more and they have shown an increase in health issues, such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome (Hooper, 2012). While some professionals continue to blame the direct influence of Westernization for these unintentional health concerns, globalization is unavoidable and can impact a culture both positively and negatively. Japan has positively benefitted from globalization in ways of technological advances and automobiles but perhaps was negatively affected by the phenomenon of fast food.Globalization is controversial. According to The Levine Institute (2 013), Proponents of globalization argue that it allows poor countries and their citizens to develop economically and raise their standards of living. Globalization in India greatly helped the economy but perhaps hurt the value of the cultural. However, opponents of globalization argue that the creation of an unfettered international free market has benefited multinational corporations in the Western world at the expense of local enterprises, local cultures, and common people (The Levine Institute, 2013). Globalization is affected by many variables such as age, family, religion, and technology. Whether it is intentional or unintentional, direct or indirect, planned or not planned, finding the right balance to provide positive effects is difficult.ReferencesChang, S. (2011). McDonalds in Japan. Retrieved from http//apanews.si.edu/2011/09/20/mcdonalds-in-japan/ Gordon, M. (2005). Obento. Retrieved from http//www.pbs.org/opb/meaningoffood/food_and_family/obento/ Hooper, R. (2012). corp ulency on the rise as Japanese eat more Western-style food. Retrieved from http//www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2012/03/11/national/obesity-on-the-rise-as-japanese-eat-more-western-style-food/.UmFqEvlJN1I The Levin Institute. (2013). What is globalization? Retrieved from http//www.globalization101.org/what-is-globalization

Preschool Music Education Essay Example for Free

Preschool Music information EssayIntroductionTeaching medical specialty to preschoolers contributes to heading development. The musician is constantly adjusting decisions on tempo, tone, style, rhythm, phrasing, and feelingtraining the brain to become incredibly good at organizing and conducting numerous activities at once. Dedicated practice of this orchestration can have a great offspring for lifelong attention skills, intelligence, and an ability for self-knowledge and expression (Ratey, 2001). A group of researchers at the University of California (Irvine) conducted a break down that showed that after eight months of keyboard lessons, preschoolers showed a 46% boost in their spatial think (Rauscher, Shaw, Levine, Ky and Wright, 2001). Music Education Module The platform for teaching preschool music gentility should contain three parts 1) Singing 2) industrious listening and 3) Movement. All three of these subsections should work together and build off of the skills l earned during the other subsections. The music education curriculum must be fun and engaging for the preschool children, otherwise the children get out non put across the music activities their full attention and will not retain the cognitive abilities that can be taught done music education. The preschool music education curriculum needs to be focused around teaching the children strivings, kind of nursery rhymes and other educational songs, which will teach the children a skill. Incorporating movement and hand motions into each song that is taught will enhance the skills learned. Learning to sing songs will improve the development of wording acquisition, listening skills, and elegant motor skills. Songs that tell a story with hand motions such as Im carry Home a Baby Bumblebee will improve language skills as well as fine motor skills and self expression. Songs that specifically address a certain skill such as counting songs (1,2 Buckle My Shoe) and spelling songs (B-I-N-G -O) should be incorporated into the music curriculum as well. The preschool music education curriculum must also accept active listening to music. Listening to music, particularly classical music, will improve listening skills, auditory discrimination, abstract reasoning, and spatial intelligence. After the children have listened to a musical piece, the see to it needs to be reinforced by a series of questions and answers. Asking the children what kind of instruments they heard and what emotions they snarl during the song will improve the abstract reasoning skills and teach the children how to evaluate and comprehend what they have heard. applause through a rhythm that was in the song they just heard will teach the children just about tempo and improve counting and mathematical skills.ConclusionThe preschool music education curriculum needs to include all three of the subsections discussed. If the curriculum neglects one of the subsections, important skills will be neglected. Si nging and dancing teaches preschool children language skills, fine motor skills, and self expression. Actively listening to music, particularly classical music, improves listening skills, abstract reasoning skills, and spatial intelligence.When developing a preschool music education curriculum, the most important thing is to ensure that the curriculum is fun and engaging for the preschool children. If the curriculum is rigid and boring, the children will lose interest and the teacher will not have their full attention. In order for the preschool children to acquire the skills taught during music education, the children must be engaged in the curriculum. ReferencesMusically Yours, Inc. (2007, November) Music Preludes. Retrieved January 23, 2008 from http//www.musicpreludes.com/index.htmlRatey John J., MD. A Users Guide to the Brain. New York Pantheon Books, 2001.Rauscher, Shaw, Levine, Ky and Wright, Music and spatial Task Performance A Causal Relationship, University of California , Irvine, 1994

Properties of Gases Essay Example for Free

Properties of Gases EssayThe purpose of this lab was to canvass and discover the physical and chemical properties of some brages. Throughout this lab the ability to identify if and when gasses were present was enhanced.During the world-class step of this lab, when obtaining the heat content from the stick-in-the-mud(p) surface and the hydrochloric acid, it took a lot longer than I thought it would for the piddle in the pipet to be incited. I was tempted to remove the stopper and add another piece of zinc and see if that would make it go faster, but I did not want to interrupt the process. It seemed the longer that the mossy zinc was clear to the hydrochloric acid the faster it dissolved and therefore more gas was produced. When the manganese and the hydrogen peroxide were open to each other there was much more fizzing produced than that of the zinc and the hydrochloric acid. I was surprised (although I dont know why) that the lime water turned cloudy when exposed to br eath. It is quite simple when you think close to it that when you exhale you release carbon dioxide which as shown in the to a higher place data turns the lime water cloudy.Conclusion/Discussion During the course of this lab I learned a lot about the contemporaries of gases. I was somewhat conf subroutined in the beginning about how to use some of the equipment for this lab. As the lab went on I figured it out and became much more favourable with it. I thought some of the experiments were very informative and interesting. I especially liked the portions about responses with a lit match or the glowing splint as it showed on a small ordered series if the gas produced was flammable or not.Questions A. Give two reasons why we fill the gas generator see tubes almost to the top with chemicals.1. The first reason we fill the test tubes almost to the top with chemicals is so that the reaction between the two substances is high enough to the top to go through the rubber stopper and di splace the water in the pipet and trap the gas.2. The second reason is so that observations can be make easily about the reactions. If it was not almost completely filled we may deem had to try to split up the test tube or remove the tissue paper to make observations and this may have altered the results.B. What happens to the zinc in the hydrogen generation experiment?The zinc begins to slowly dissolve when exposed to the hydrochloric acid. The longer the zinc was submerged in the hydrochloric acid the faster it seemed to dissolve.C. What happens to the manganese in the oxygen generation experiment?The manganese produced large amounts of fizzing when exposed to the hydrogen peroxide. It was difficult to tell whether the manganese was truly dissolving or just fizzing.D. Write a balanced equation for the reaction between O2 and H2.2H2 + O2 2H2OE. What is the suffice/purpose of the bromothymol blue in the CO2 experiment?The purpose of the bromothymol blue was to show the reaction of the chemicals and the gas that was formed. Since the bromothymol blue changed from blue to yellow, that signified that the gas formed was acidic.F. Bromothymol blue is blue in the presence of staple fibre solutions, and yellow in the presence of acidic solutions. If your solution is a sloppy green, what might you assume about the solution?I would assume one of two things. There may have possibly been a contamination of the substance. The other possibility might be that the pH of the solution is neutral. If the bromothymol blue turns a murky green color this may indicate that the substance is neither basic or acidic.

Video-based training programs Essay Example for Free

Video-based preparation programs EssayVideo-based training programs are creation implemented at an ever-increasing rate across the country. While this type of training should certainly not be the only method that is used to train your employees, it is very effective and bottom of the inning offer significant advantages over other training methods.ADVANTAGESThere are many advantages to video-based training. However, only the most significant ones are discussed here. yet Development Time. You can shorten your training cycle because you will have the ability to deliver just-in-time training where and when you need it. Facilitation materials with activities and discussion points can be used in whole or in decompose to create training events that run anywhere from one to four hours.Add Variety to the Delivery Mix. Workshops and lectures can become routine and boring. Video provides a change of pace and can add an entertainment factor in that is not possible in a live presentati on. Videos can also be used to tag on a face-to-face workshop to stimulate discussion, demonstrate concepts that could not otherwise be presented, and provide significant examples of the topic at hand. The more the senses are engaged in the content, the more the participants will learn.Build a Resource Library. Building a video and/or DVD library allows you to offer a broader flap of training. You will no longer be limited to custom in-house development or scheduled classroom events. Trainees can check out a DVD or access video training online. passVideo-based training materials save your organization time and money, and they make your business look progressive. Because they help build nurture retention, they can also improve the return on your training investment. The next step should be a formal review of your training needs and an evaluation report to be completed by a professional video-based training firm with a proven track record.

Booker Jones Analysis Essay Example for Free

Booker Jones Analysis taste1.A. If the cost of set were to be incorporated into the stock-taking account (balance sheet), therefore the cost of barrels utilise (Income line) can be reduced. From 1960-1961, Booker Jones increased its barrels produced from 43,000 barrels to 63,000 barrels. That is 20,000 barrel increased in equitable one year. The cost per barrels is $31.50. (20,000 * 31.50= $630,000)We can reduce the cost per barrel expense from income statement of $630,000. (-407,000+630,000= 223,000) Therefore, pretax addition would have been $223,000 instead of net loss of $407,000.B. If the change were made retroactively as of June 1, 1959 then arrange on the balance sheet at the end of 1960Number of barrel in inventory in 1960 is 172,000(172,000 barrels * . 50 = 5,418,000)$5,418,000 is the increased inventory after incorporated the cost of barrels to inventory. ($5418000 + $4,506,000 = $9,924,000)$9,924,000 is the new end inventory in 1960Deferring the Aging costs i nto the inventory balance would increase the Net bring in in 1960. This would then increase the Retained Earnings account on the balance sheetEffect on the balance sheet at the end of 1961Number of barrels in inventory in 1961 is 192,000(192,000 barrels * $31.50 = $6,048,000)$6,048,000 is the increased in inventory after incorporating the cost of barrels to inventory ($6,048,000 + $5,030,000 = $11,078,000)$11,078,000 is the new ending inventory in 1960Deferring the Aging costs into the inventory balance would increase the Net Profit in 1960. This would then increase the Retained Earnings account on the balance sheetEffect on the income statement for 19602. We do not believe that Jones went from a profit in 1960 to a loss for1961 because they can trespass the patented barrels as inventory instead of expense it. Because of the 4 years aging life, it makes sensation to capitalize the barrels and expense it as the aging process reduced.7.1. The original Levis Store conduct has a hig her return on invested capital, meaning it is a good investment in a long run.Column1WholesaleChannelEstimateOriginal LevisStore ChannelEstimateOperating Profit before Tax46Tax at 40%1.62.4NOPAT2.43.6Fixed Asset factory PPE55Distributed PPE12Total Fixed Asset67Non- money workings CapitalCurrent Asset812Current Liability11Cash00Total Non-Cash Working Capital711Invested Capital1318Return on Invested Capital18%20%2. Value Chain AnalysisProviding strategic counselor corporate strategyProvide the perfect fit jean for customersMarket segment for unsatisfied customers exsert market segment by offering customized jeansGenerating customer shoot sales, marketing and customer service cast up in profit24% unsatisfied customersProvide more styles, more colors, better fits4224 possible compounding of measurement400 prototype pairs stock at Kiosk for customers to try onFulfilling customer demand supply chain, manufacturing, production Order is transmitted directly to Levis factory. Each pa ir of jeans is individually love 3 days shipping back to customers (at $5 extra charge per pair) Pull based responsiveness to actual buying patterns, improve manufacturing, and delivery cycle Need to find ways to fix the 8 months lag between ordering cotton fabric and selling the final pair of jeans. Providing support go Finance, HR, legal and compliance Need additional finance to pay for trained personal clerksNeed to concur out loan to finance initial investment of the project In 4 retail inject locations

Swot Analysis and Weaknesses Essay Example for Free

Swot Analysis and Weaknesses strive dress up Analysis is an effective right smart of identifying your Strengths and Weaknesses, and of examining the Opportunities and Threats you face. How to practice session toolTo guide come forward a organise Analysis, write down answers to the sp are-time activity questions. Where appropriate, use similar questionsStrengths* What advantages do you see got?* What do you do well(p)?* What relevant choices do you founder access to?* What do opposite people see as your potences? tump over this from your own point of view and from the point of view of the people you deal with. Dont be modest. Be realistic. If you ar having any difficulty with this, try writing down a list of your characteristics. Some of these will hopefully be strengthsIn looking at your strengths, think about them in relation to your competitors for character, if entirely your competitors endure high quality products, then a high quality production process is not strength in the market, it is a necessity.Weaknesses* What could you improve?* What do you do badly?* What should you avoid?Again, consider this from an internal and external basis Do other people seem to perceive weaknesses that you do not see? argon your competitors doing any better than you? It is best to be realistic now, and face any unpleasant truths as soon as possible.Opportunities* Where are the bully opportunities facing you?* What are the interesting trends you are aware of?Useful opportunities chiffonier come from much(prenominal) things as* Changes in technology and markets on both a broad and limit scale* Changes in government policy re slowlyd to your field* Changes in social patterns, population profiles, modus vivendi compounds, etc.* Local EventsA useful approach to looking at opportunities is to look at your strengths and consume yourself whether these open up any opportunities. Alternatively, look at your weaknesses and ask yourself whether you could open up opportunities by eliminating them.Threats* What obstacles do you face?* What is your opposition doing?* Are the required specifications for your job, products or service changing?* Is changing technology big(p) your position?* Do you have bad debt or cash-flow problems?* Could any of your weaknesses seriously threaten your business? Carrying out this analysis will oft be illuminating both in terms of pointing out what necessarily to be d whiz, and in putting problems into perspective.You bathroom also apply b unrivalled analysis to your competitors. This may green goods some interesting insights ExampleA start-up small consultancy business expertness carry out the following SWOT analysisStrengths* We are able to respond very quickly as we have no red tape, no need for higher(prenominal) management approval, etc. * We are able to give in truth good customer care, as the current small amount of achievement means we have muckle of time to devote to customers * Our lead consultant has strong reputation within the market * We empennage convince direction quickly if we find that our marketing is not working * We have little overhead, so can offer good value to customersWeaknesses* Our company has no market figurehead or reputation* We have a small staff with a shallow skills base in some areas* We are insecure to vital staff being sick, leaving, etc.* Our cash flow will be unreliable in the early stagesOpportunities* Our business sector is expanding, with many future opportunities for success * Our local council wants to encourage local businesses with work where possible * Our competitors may be slow to adopt new technologiesThreats* Will developments in technology change this market beyond our ability to adapt? * A small change in focus of a large competitor might wipe out any market position we achieve The consultancy might therefore decide to specialize in rapid response, good value services to local businesses. market would be in sele cted local publications, to get the greatest possible market presence for a couch advertising budget. The consultancy should keep up-to-date with changes in technology where possible. Key pointsSWOT analysis is a cloth for analyzing your strengths and weaknesses, and the opportunities and threats you face. This will financial aid you to focus on your strengths, defame weaknesses, and take the greatest possible advantage of opportunities available. SWOT analysis becomes a USELESS exercise if it is not extended TOWS where * the strengths are used to capitalize on opportunities and to counter threats, * the weaknesses are minimized using opportunities and both weaknesses and threats are avioidedCarrying out a personal SWOT Analysis is an important step in finding life and career direction.Case Study-SWOT Analysis Wal-MartStrengths* Wal-Mart is a powerful retail brand. It has a reputation for value for money, convenience and a wide range of products all in one store. * Wal-Mart has grown substantially over re centime years, and has experienced orbicular expansion (for example its purchase of the joined Kingdom base retailer ASDA). * The company has a core competence involving its use of information technology to support its international logistics system. For example, it can see how individual products are performing country-wide, store-by-store at a glance. IT also supports Wal-Marts efficient procurement. * A focused schema is in place for human resource management and development. People are key to Wal-Marts business and it invests time and money in training people, and retaining a developing them.Weaknesses* Wal-Mart is the Worlds largest grocery retailer and control of its empire, despite its IT advantages, could leave it weak in some areas payable to the huge span of control. * Since Wal-Mart sell products across many sectors ( much(prenominal) as clothing, food, or stationary), it may not have the flexibility of some of its more than focused compet itors. * The company is global, notwithstanding has has a presence in comparatively few countries Worldwide.Opportunities* To take over, merge with, or form strategic alliances with other global retailers, focusing on specific markets such as Europe or the Greater China Region. * The stores are currently unless trade in a relatively small number of countries. Therefore there are howling(a) opportunities for future business in expanding consumer markets, such as China and India. * New locations and store types offer Wal-Mart opportunities to put to work market development. They diversified from large tops(p) centers, to local and mall-based sites. * Opportunities exist for Wal-Mart to continue with its current strategy of large, super centers.Threats* Being number one means that you are the target of competition, locally and globally. * Being a global retailer means that you are ex congeald to political problems in the countries that you operate in. * The cost of producing many consumer products tends to have fallen because of lower manufacturing costs. Manufacturing cost has fallen due to outsourcing to low-cost regions of the World. This has lead to determine competition, resulting in outlay deflation in some ranges. Intense price competition is a threat.Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. is the worlds largest retailer, with $256.3 billion in sales in the fiscal year ending Jan. 31, 2004. The company employs 1.6 billion associates worldwide through more than 3,600 facilities in the United States and more than 1,570 units . . .Case Study-SWOT Analysis StarbucksStrengths* Starbucks Corporation is a very profitable shaping, earning in excess of $600 million in 2004.The company generated revenue of more than $5000 million in the same year. * It is a global drinking choco modern brand built upon a reputation for fine products and services. It has almost 9000 cafes in almost 40 countries. * Starbucks was one of the Fortune Top 100 Companies to Work For in 2005. The co mpany is a respected employer that values its workforce. * The organization has strong ethical values and an ethical mission statement as follows, Starbucks is committed to a function of environmental leadership in all facets of our business.Weaknesses* Starbucks has a reputation for new product development and creativity. However, they live vulnerable to the possibility that their innovation may falter over time. * The organization has a strong presence in the United States of America with more than three quarters of their cafes located in the home market. It is often argued that they need to look for a portfolio of countries, in order to spread business risk. * The organization is dependant on a main competitive advantage, the retail of coffee. This could make them slow to diversify into other sectors should the need arise.Opportunities* Starbucks are very good at taking advantage of opportunities. * In 2004 the company created a CD-burning service in their Santa Monica (Califor nia USA) cafe with Hewlett Packard, where customers create their own music CD. * New products and services that can be retailed in their cafes, such as Fair Trade products. * The company has the opportunity to expand its global operations. New markets for coffee such as India and the Pacific Rim nations are beginning to emerge. * Co-branding with other manufacturers of food and drink, and brand franchising to manufacturers of other goods and services both have potential.Threats* Who knows if the market for coffee will grow and stay in favor with customers, or whether another type of beverage or leisure activity will replace coffee in the future? * Starbucks are exposed to rises in the cost of coffee and dairy products. * Since its conception in pine Place Park, Seattle in 1971, Starbucks success has lead to the market entry of many competitors and copy cat brands that pose potential threats.Starbucks mission statement is Establish Starbucks as the premier purveyor of the finest cof fee in the world bit maintaining our uncompromising principles while we grow.Understanding TOWS MatrixWhy use the tool?TOWS Analysis is an effective way of combining a) internal strengths with external opportunities and threats, and b) internal weaknesses with external opportunities and threats to develop a strategy.How to use toolTo carry out a TOWS Analysis, consider the following combinationsStrengths/OpportunitiesConsider all strengths one by one listed in the SWOT Analysis with each opportunity to determine how each internal strength can help you capitalize on each external opportunity.Strength/ThreatsConsider all strengths one by one listed in the SWOT Analysis with each threat to determine how each internal strength can help you avoid every external threat.Weaknesses/OpportunitiesConsider all weaknesses one by one listed in the SWOT Analysis with each opportunity to determine how each internal weakness can be eliminated by using each external opportunity.Weaknesses/ThreatsCo nsider all weaknesses one by one listed in the SWOT Analysis with each threat to determine both can be avoided.Case Study- occupation of the TOWS Matrix to VolkswagenVolkswagen (VW) was chosen because it demonstrates how a successful company experienced great difficulties in the early 1970s, but then developed a strategy that resulted in an excellent market position in the late 1970s. The TOWS Matrix shown in Figure 1 will focus on the crucial period from late 1973 to early 1975. The external threats and opportunities pertain mostly to the placement VW faced in the United States, but a similar situation prevailed in Europe at that time.Weaknesses and Threats (WT)A company with great weaknesses often has to restore to a survival strategy. VW could have seriously considered the option of a joint operation with Chrysler or American Motors. other alternative would have been to withdraw from the American market altogether. Although in difficulties VW did not have to go back to a sur vival strategy because the company still had much strength. Consequently, a more appropriate strategy was to attempt to overcome the weaknesses and develop them into strengths. In other words, the direction was toward the strength-opportunity position (SO) in the matrix shown as Figure 1. Specifically, the strategy was to reduce the competitive threat by developing a more conciliative new product line that would accommodate the needs and desires of the car-buying public.Weaknesses and Opportunities (WO)The growing affluence of customers has resulted in trading up to more luxurious cars. Yet, VW had essentially followed a one-model policy which presented a problem when the invention of the Beetle became ancient A new model line had to be introduced to reach a wider spectrum of buyers. In order to minimize the additional costs of a multi product line, the building block principle was employed in the design of the new cars. This allowed using the same parts for different models that ranged from the relatively low-priced Rabbit to the higher priced Audi line.another(prenominal) weakness at VW was the rising costs in Germany. For example, in 1973 wages and salaries rose 19 per cent over the previous year. Similarly, increased arouse costs made the shipping of cars to the United States more costly. This situation favored setting up an assembly plant in the United States. However, this also created some problems for VW because it had no experience in dealing with American organized labor. To overcome this weakness, VWs tactic was to recruit managers from Detroit who were capable of establishing good union relations.Strengths and Threats (ST)One of the greatest threats to VW was the continuing appreciation of the Deutsche Mark against the dollar. For example, from October 1972 to November 1973 the mark appreciated 35 percent. This meant higher prices for the buyer. The result, of course, was a less competitive posture. Japanese and American automakers obtained an increasingly larger share of the small-car market. To reduce the threats of competition and the effects of the unfavorable exchange rate, VW was forced to build an assembly plant in the United States.Another strategy for meeting competitive pressures was to build on VWs strengths by developing a car based on advanced-design technology. The result of this effort was the Rabbit, a model with features later adopted by many other car manufacturers. The oil crisis in 1973-1974 not only caused a fuel shortage, but also price rises, a trend that has continued. To meet this threat, VW used its technological capabilities not only to improve its engines (through the use of fuel injection, for examples), but also to develop the very fuel-efficient Diesel engine. This tactic, which was congruent with its general strategy, helped improve the firms market position.Strengths and Opportunities (SO)In general, successful firms build on their strengths to take advantage of opportunities. VW is no exc eption. Throughout this password VWs strengths in research, development, engineering, and its experience m production technology became evident. These strengths, under the leadership of Rudolf Leiding, enabled the company to develop a product line that met market demands for an economical car (the Rabbit, successor to the Beetle), as well as the tastes for more luxurious cars with many available options (Scirocco and the Audi line). Eventually the same companys strengths enabled VW to plan and build the assembly facility in New Stanton, Pennsylvania. Thus, YW could benefit from substantial concessions granted by the state government to attract VW which, in turn, provided many employment opportunities.In another tactical move, VW manufactured and sold small engines to Chrysler and American Motors. These companies urgently required small engines for installation in their own cars and revenues from these sales improved the financial position of VW.

Vaccine and Multiple Vaccines Safe Essay Example for Free

Vaccine and Multiple Vaccines Safe EssayVaccinations ar a big part of stacks lives. There ar immunization programs for children that very much come along inoculations starting them off early as steady, life-long customers. Years ago, when vaccines were first invented, they were made up of saline settlement and the dead virus. Now, thithers so much more in the vaccine that just approximately muckle dont know about. The way that vaccines atomic number 18 made is unethical, from the portions, to the way the ingredients ar collected. Many who unhorse vaccinated just take their doctors knowledge of medicine for granted and dont bother to research whats being injected into their body. Edward Jenner invented the vaccine in 1796. The original purpose for it was to protect people against variola major. He noticed that even during the peak of the variola major epidemic, the milkmaids never got the disease. After further research, he theorized that the lawsuit why the milkma ids didnt energize smallpox was be vitrine they came in contact with vaccinia while milking the cows. The cowpox fortify their immune system against smallpox. Jenner extracted the crystalline from the inside of a cowpox sore on a milkmaid named Sarah Nelmes. Next, Jenner found a farmer named Phipps and asked him if he could inject his son, James, with the liquid.He explained to Phipps that if his theory was correct, James would never dismay smallpox. Phipps agreed. Jenner made two small cuts in the arm of the boy and poured the liquid from Sarah into the cuts. James came down with cowpox which lasted 6 weeks. After those 6 weeks, Jenner vaccinated him with the dried up pus from the sore of a smallpox victim. James didnt catch smallpox. Jenners theory was correct, lucky for him. If he had been wrong, and James did catch smallpox and died, Jenner would have been considered a murderer. (A History of Vaccines)When Jenner first invented the vaccine, it was purely the virus that was suspended in saline solution. Now, there are so many additives and fillers in vaccines, its no wonder there are so many rising health problems. One of the most shocking ingredients is mercury. Mercury is in a protective called thimerosal, which is used in vaccinations. Even the smallest amount of mercury in a body croupe make out nerve damage. Symptoms of mercury toxicity are similar to those of autism. Another preservative is formalin which contains the embalming fluid, formaldehyde.Formaldehyde is the liquid that cadavers are soaked in to keep them from rotting while research is done on them. It is poison to the gastrointestinal, liver, respiratory, immune, nervous, and reproductive systems. The reason its in vaccinations is be clear it stops viruses from replicating or reproducing themselves. Another shocking ingredient is familialally modified yeast, animal, bacterial and viral DNA. This can incorporate itself into the recipients DNA and cause genetic mutations. Phenoxyethan ol is used in anti-freeze as surface as vaccines.Its a preservative that prevents bacterial and fungal contamination. Phenoxyethanol is toxic to all cells and is capable of disabling the immune systems primary response mechanism. aluminum is used in vaccinations as an adjuvant, which improves immune response. It can cause brain damage, and is suspected to cause Alzheimers Disease, dementia, and coma. Beta-Propiolactone is a sterilizing ingredient in vaccines. It is known to cause cancer and is poisonous. Probably the most horrifying ingredient in vaccines is the human and animal cells.Human cells from aborted fetal tissue and human serum albumin (the most abundant protein in human blood plasma), and animal cells from pig blood, horse blood, rabbit brain, guinea pig, hound dog kidney, cow heart, monkey kidney, chick embryo, crybaby egg, duck egg, calf serum, and sheep blood. These are in vaccines because viruses cannot grow on their own they must have a living host to grow in. (I nterview with Sherri Tenpenny About Dangers of Vaccines NaturalNews. tv) (Vaccination Education Center) This leads to the question, are vaccines cruelty-free? The answer is no, they are most certainly not.The pharmaceutical corporations are okay with the abuse of animals. They purposely compensate animals diseases for research and inbreed them to the point of it being cruel to keep them alive because of all their health problems. The lab that harvests the cells from chicken eggs isnt any better. They keep the chickens crammed up in a shed until they die from experienced age or sicknesses. The fertilized eggs are kept in constant light which is very unexpressed on the chicks and makes them so weak that the chicks dont even react when the lab technician candles the eggs to sum up their development.When theyre through collecting the cells from the eggs, they freeze them and throw them away. Freezing the eggs freezes the chick alive on the inside. Somemagazines, when an overabundan ce of eggs occurs, the lab technician doesnt even bother to freeze the eggs, they just throw them away, cleanup position the chick slower. If for no other reason, hearing about the cruelty towards animals should be the point where people subside not to support vaccinations. Vaccinations started off as good intentions but have been corrupted over time.Children are dangerously overdosed. Neil Z. Miller, the author of Overdosed Babies Are Multiple Vaccines Safe? writes, Today, children receive one vaccine at birth, eighter vaccines at two months, eight vaccines at four months, nine vaccines at six months, and twelve excess vaccines between 12 and 18 months. The pure and innocent baby is overdosed with 38 vaccine/drugs by the time he or she is 1? years old In an interview with Dr. Sherri Tenpenny, she mentions the fact that the flu peter was not originally meant for children.When it was first made, the drug companies deemed it dangerous. A little while later they realized they cou ldnt put it on the vaccination schedule for adults if they didnt have it on the vaccination schedule for children, so they added it. Now they have vaccination programs for children and even have childrens shows supporting them. All of the poisons in vaccinations outdo the benefits. Is it really worth getting cancer, dementia, and birth defects just so that the flu is avoided? Harris L. Coulter, Ph. D. ays, A major cause of the Roman Empires decline, after six centuries of world dominance was its replacement of stone aqueducts by lead pipes for the transport and supply of drinking water. Roman engineers, the best in the world, turned their fellow citizens into neurologic cripples. Today our own best and brightest, with the best of intentions, achieve the same end through childhood vaccination programs yielding the modern scourges of hyperactivity, learning disabilities, autism, appetite disorders, and impulsive violence. The drug companies that distribute these vaccines are fully conscious of whats in them and their harmful effects.They see it as job security. If the people that they give these vaccinations to get the impend side effects of them, theyll go back to the doctor and ask for medications to rid them of the side effects. These medications allow for all fix that one problem and give them a plethora of other side effects. Its a vicious cycle of expensive, dangerous drugs. Autism, for example, requires at least 5 different medications. Just one of these medications such as an anti-depressant, like Prozac and Zoloft which control anxiety, depression, and obsessive compulsive disorder can cause many side effects.Common side effects of these medications include sleepiness, nervousness, insomnia, dizziness, nausea, rashes, headache, diarrhea, upset stomach, and weight loss. (Top 5 Drugs for Autism) Therefore, with all these side effects, doctors and nurses will always have a job. Even if parents decide not to get their children vaccinated, the childr en will still end up getting the harmful ingredients and effects of vaccines, because the aluminum, mercury, and other poisons, stay in the bodies of the parents forever and will be passed on to their children. Be it through breast milk or blood, the children will get it. Vaccines and Your Child) (Overdosed Babies Are Multiple Vaccines Safe? ) Vaccinations, in my opinion, are surrounded with unethical practices and procedures. There are vaccines on the vaccination schedule that are not proven to be able to treat or prevent anything. The only reason theyre on the vaccination schedule is so that the pharmaceutical corporations can make more money and appear to be helping to make people healthier. Everyone should educate themselves on whats being injected into their body and not just trust their doctor. Some doctors only think about the money and not really about whats healthy for the patient.For example, the doctor could know perfectly well that a vaccine was unnecessary or unhealthy for the patient but if there were going to be benefits given to that doctor theyd give the patient the vaccine anyway. This is the reason why there are so many rising health problems. Animal cruelty is another unethical practice. The animal testing, the big(a) animals diseases for research, the unnecessary wastefulness of chicks, its all unethical and disgusting. I, for one, am definitely going to think twice before I vaccinate myself, and in the future, my children.

Factors for Going Public Through an Ipo Essay Example for Free

Factors for Going Public Through an initial offering EssayWhen an organization is private they cause decisions to make. Going public with an initial public offering, or initial public offering is one decision they can choose. When going through an IPO there is going to be maturationd smashing. A public offering provide allow a company to raise capital to use for various corpo aim purposes such as working capital, acquisitions, research and development, commercialiseing, and expanding plant and equipment (FindLaw, 2013). Other favors of choosing an IPO would be liquidity, increased prestige, valuation, and increased wealth. WeaknessesEven though going public has some advantages, it can also have some disadvantages too. The time and expense is probably one of the biggest disadvantages with this choice. It can take over a year and much money for fees to even start the process of an IPO. Other disadvantages to going public through an IPO would be disclosure, decisions based on stock price, regulatory review, falling stock price, and vulnerability. Disclosure is some other part that can be costly when starting an IPO. That core that the organization has to make all fiscal records available to the public. OpportunitiesGoing public is a way to increase public awareness of the company. The company provide have more exposure of its product line. This awareness result increase sales because the product pull up stakes be introduced to a untried group of potential invitees. An opportunity to increase clients will have an increase in market share. Investors will have a positive reaction to the company as it increases its market share. ThreatsAs a public company, there will be accounting practices that will exact to be met. The SEC requires public companies to comply with the regulations. The cost to comply with SEC regulations can be expensive in addition to the regulations the SOX Act will require an external accounting firm to audit the company addin g supernumerary cost. Since Lafleur will now be operating as a public company, they will have the blackmail to perform for the market. The actions of the companys management also become increasinglyscrutinized as investors constantly look for rising profits. This whitethorn lead management to perform somewhat questionable practices in order to boost earnings (K. Balasubramaniam, 2009).Factors for getting a nonher(prenominal) organization in the identical(p) industry StrengthsAn organization can also acquire another organization in the kindred industry. A major strength with acquiring another organization is that Lafleur traffic Company would be the owner of both organizations and would hold the power of both at the same time. The new organization loses its power and sometimes even loses the name. acquiring another organization might be through with(p) to save the original smaller company piece boosting sales for the larger company. If Lafleur would choose to keep the client list of the new organization it would be strength for them and those clients. The clients would still be able to receive the same products, but under new owners. With the new organization being in the same industry Lafleur would not have to buy any additional equipment for the new product. They could just bring the product over to their buildings. WeaknessesAcquiring another organization has its weaknesses too. Customers can become upset over this because they want to be loyal to the anterior owners over the newer ones. Lafleur would have to pay a premium to the affiliate of the organization to keep the customers happy (if they can) and without touch cash flow. OpportunitiesThere is opportunity in a companys strengths. Lafleur can take advantage of the successes the acquired company has accomplished in the areas of product, marketing, research and development, and staffing. They can also avoid mistakes that have been made in the past. Using a synergy strategy in this process of ac quisition will require Lafleur to be knowledgeable in the operations of the new company. ThreatsThe threat of acquiring another company in the same industry is in its customer base and product line. Lafleur may not be gaining new clients or offering new or improved products. The sales team may be making the same sales calls to the same customers the other company. In this scenario,Lafleur will be gaining the companys debt without the benefit of expanding resources for future tense growth. Merging with another organizationStrengthsMergers are different than acquiring a new organization because when ii companies merge they work together instead of taking full control of the weaker company. Mergers can help both organizations while also benefiting the public. The new firm will have increased market share, which reduces competition (Economics Help, n.d.). The conjugation will help financially because the company will get a reform interest rate for the size. Efficiency is strength fo r mergers because the companies can bring the more visitd employees from both organizations together. An important strength of a merger is having diversity between the two original organizations. Other strengths would be research and development, avoiding duplication, and regulation of monopoly. WeaknessesMergers have weaknesses just like any other choice to expand the organization. Mergers mean higher prices for products because competition is shorten when two organizations become one. A merger also means fewer choices of products for customers. One of the biggest weaknesses for a merger would be fewer jobs in each organization. This means that Lafleur would have to let go of some of their employees while the organization it mergers with would have to also let go of some. The employees that are left might experience diseconomies of scale. This means that the employees will feel like they are part of a big corporation and their motivation will start to go away. OpportunitiesOppor tunity lies in a merger with a larger well cognize company. Lafleur will gain the experience of growth from a larger company. There is also the opportunity of better benefits, salaries, increased revenue, and the expansion of offices in other markets. There must be research to be do to choose a company that will aid in future growth. This company will need to be a worthy partner and not a company that needs a life line to survive. ThreatsIf a company does not have a growth opportunity on its own, it will not have growth opportunity when it merges with another company. The threat of Lafleur not benefitting from shared resources can result in failure for both companies. Another threat to a merger is mis-management. If the other company is poorly managed, Lafleur will suffer with unrealistic strategic goals, poor communication, and uncertain future success. It is because of these reasons that most companies do not experience more than one merger in their lifetime, they usually fail.B alasubramaniam, K. (2009). Advantages and Disadvantages for a Company Going Public. Retrieved from http//www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/06/ipoadvantagedisadvantage.asp

History of Sensory Theatre

History of Sensory TheatreWhat does sensorial field of honor mean to the innovational audition?As i of the of years(predicate)est nontextual matter forms and as maven of the primeval kinds of humanexpression, the record of field of honor is as varied across the continents aspainting, pottery, sculpture or any of the classic art-forms. Each civilization, from all(prenominal) one society, each gathering of humankind has had its personalform of agency deed from path artists to court jesters to nomadic acquireers. Many would say that this variety at the really core of representation discoverment is what has permitted airfield to take such(prenominal) a respected and crucial let on of our modern societies. Too often it is claimed that our present daylifestyles leave critical time for abstract thinking and artistic appreciation orachievement. This is lamentable except thankfully non normally true. One need only observe the continuation of thus farts such as the Wel sh National Eisteddfod forhundreds of eld to realize that the human desire and need for dramatic art willnever diminish.However, this is not to say that modern society has not changed discipline. It is only natural that artistic issue give should be modeled by the lifestyle surrounding it. after all, warlike civilizations such as the Vikings delighted in the narrating of age-old sagas w here(predicate)as more than enlightened peoples like the antique Greeks would draw inspiration from mythical dramas which detailed the flaws at the heart of humanity and their relationships with their gods, representing a search for elements wide than themselves.However,we after part take it as certain that the theatrical productions of the last fiftyyears prep be overwhelmingly been segmentation of a resurgence of theatrical diversity. Asthe ingenuous market has made nations more accessible to each other, a cut ininterest for all sorts of artistic expression has been felt around the wo rld.Herein, we shall focus on the analysis and comprehension of one of these.Sensory bena, or at least the old meaning of the term, is not a new concept.At its very core, often of what constitutes planetary house relies heavily on the senses, twain those of the listening and that of the actors. Nevertheless, at a time whenour fast-paced lifestyle seems to rule in anything out of the ordinary or whichcan be labeled as different, it is refreshing to touch that this resurgence hasregenerated one of the unfeignedly great aspects of theatre, oft labeled as post-modernist scarcely one which links so more than of relatively recent artistic out coiffe across theboundaries of different art formsPost-modernity,in attacking the perceived elitist begin of Modernism, desire greaterconnection with patient ofer hearings. This is often labelled accessibility andis a central point of dispute in the question of the place of postmodern art.It has also embraced the mixing of words wit h art, collage and other movementsin modernity, in an attempt to create more multiplicity of medium and message.Much of this centers on a shift of basic subject matter postmodern artistsregard the push-d throw list media as a fundamental subject for art, and pulmonary tuberculosis forms, tropes,and materials such as banks of video monitors, found art, and depostions ofmedia objects as focal points for their artPostmodernisms critical stance isinterlinked with presenting new appraisals of previous kit and caboodle. As implied abovethe works of the Dada movement standard greater attention, as didcollagists such as Robert Rauschenberg, whose works were initiallycon berthred unimportant in the context of the modernism of the 1950s, scarcely who, bythe 1980s, beganto be seen as seminal. Post-modernism also elevated the importance of cinema in artisticdiscussions, placing it on a couple take aim with the other fine arts. This is bothbecause of the blurring of features between hi gh andlow forms, and because of the recognition that cinema representedthe creation of simulacra which was later(prenominal) duplicated in the other arts. (Wikipedia,2005)Inthis dissertation, we shall be analyzing aspects of receptive theatre as has beenexplored and toyed with by both(prenominal) great artisans of the craft. Despite anyproblems we gull with wholesale rejection of this type of theatre, in the interestof fair-minded and complete research, we shall pay due attention to theAristotelian school of thought. That which claims that theatre is a particulartype of experience, one from which the hearing member should feel cleansed and find learnt a lesson. This is a valid point of view, one which we shallthoroughly explore in put unitedly to see if it is indeed more artisticallyjustifiable than sensory theatre. laterexploring Aristotles opinions, we shall look in pull ahead depth at the nature ofsensory theatre. What does this term mean? How is each sense tapped? Can the melding of experiences of several(prenominal) senses which be simultaneously stimulated endure an elevating experience? For this exploration, we shall use the casestudy of Dwr (water in Welsh), a sensory makeup of theatre put on in2003, using water, light and various materials to explore re action mechanisms amongst its auditory sense. The reasons for using this play are that it was an audiovisualexperience as rise as a mere theatrical one as projections and cameras were anintegral part of the performance. Furthermore, the sensory effect of the sense of hearing can be demote analyzed as members of the audience were also used inthe play, their reactions helping to define the type of sensory experience.However, Dwr also gives us a good example of Brechtian theatre for the number of levels the play takes on. The actors themselves act as facilitators for the audience to receive personal sensory experiences. With only a minority of audience members taking part in the play, we can ga in two further levels of randy depth and complexity. The public standground of the audience will see their emotions and senses assailed by the movements, gestures and decisions of those taking part while this minority will be subjected to sensory input and emit feedback with no room for forethought or planning ahead.Thus, we shall provide a very definite and enkindle example to back up any clear defining of sensory theatre we come to. We shall also look at how Dwr fits into the patterns of sensory theatre created by Brecht and Artaud and how its attitude towards its audience defines this multi-tiered theatre as one of the crucial points of sensory theatre.However,no analysis of sensory theatre without detailed research into the works ofpioneers of the genre. Here, we have chosen to look at Bertolt Brecht andAntonin Artaud, each for specific reasons. Brechts attitude, utterly inconflict with the age-old Aristotelian views of theatre, helped descriptor hisreputation as an agitate ur who decided to stamp his hold distinctive markupon an art form he viewed as static. Thus, the habits of Brechtian theatre oftotal acknowledgement of the audience caused as much mirth as it did anger. Onthe other hand, Artaud provided his audience with a exclusively integralexperience. By using sensory theatre to deny audience members their prevalent rightto involve themselves in a performance to a degree of their choice, Artaud madesure his plays would deeply shock his audiences. We will be exploring Artaudstechniques as well as his reasons for providing this kind of theatre.It is the goal of this dissertation to highlight the differences that make sensory theatre an integral genre of its own, containing so many outlets for creativity, expression and emotional concern as to make it not only an interesting part of theatre but an essential one. Its recent resurgence will thus provide us with an precedent platform from which to assess its meaning to a modern audience.TheAristot elian view of theatrical normsGoodoratory can blow the walls forth brick buildings. Not just in the real world ofpolitical speeches or rallies but in the arts as well. As one of the only formsof human expression where no point of view is unheard, no contingence unconsidered,no leaf left unturned, theatre has throughout its history course overthrownand shrugged saturnine any shackles or conventions abandoned to it. This idea couldgive rise to an impression of mayhem and anarchy in an art form that had runa musical mode with its own importance. As one of the leading figures in the history ofliterature, Aristotles views on the nature and importance of theatre arewell-documented and naturally thought of as still germane(predicate) today.Aristotlehad the very human characteristic of harking back to the good old days, andthinking them much better than the days in which he lived. Taking scant accountof Aeschylus,he regarded Sophoclesand Euripidesas models in tragedy. His chief complai nts were that the poets of his own timespoiled their work by rhetorical display that the actor was often of moreimportance than the play and that the poets tampered with the p sess in order togive a favorite actor an opportunity of disperforming his special talent. He saidthat the poets were deficient in the power of word-painting character, and that itwas not even fair to compare them with the giants of the former era. (FletcherBellinger, pp.61, 1967)However,in the matter of sensory theatre, we run into an area of some(a) problems. Beingof a conservative mind-set which appreciated theatre for the moral lessonscontained within the narrative, Aristotle worshipped Sophocles with hisstraight and narrow approach to theatrical drama whilst eschewing the work ofhis contemporaries as being too popular, too watered quite a little to meet the needs ofa public desirous of less preaching and more fun within the theatre.Aristotlepossessed possibly what could be interpreted as a rather narrow view in that hesaw tragedy as the greatest form of dramatic expression, almost utterly march oning take on comedy as mere ruffle as compared to tragedy with the great lessonscontained within it. Furthermore, Aristotle also considered tragedy to bemagnificent when it also contained a clear and well constructed narrativeframework and mythological references to the deeds of greater men and gods in anobler past. Although Aristotles writings on these topics did make a lot ofsense, they are considered or so restrictive and far too imbued with theirown authority to be seen as of much use today. After all, in a society wherethe possibilities of theatre are slowly catching up with those of television receiver orcinema as directors, playwrights and stage designers are al moods exploring newavenues of performance, Aristotles three unities of time, place and actionseem ready to be retired. Their far-too stringent requirements of both cast andcrew make them almost impossible to operate in the modern world of freetheatre.This is no extensiveish a society where the writings of one man, whoever he may be, carry enough influence to truly make as significant an impact as in antediluvian Greece. It is not to say that Aristotle should be disregarded but concerning sensory theatre, rules relating how plot should be more important than character and how all the action in a tragedy should be centered around a personage of importance to better capture the attention of a fickle audience seem slightly moot. Its relevance is in the point that much of what is known of theatrical conventions among a lay audience is heavily based on Ancient Greek theatrical philosophy, particularly Aristotle. It is precisely this philosophy that sensory theatre will have to vanquish in order to claim its place as a rightful and deserving genre of theatrical achievement across the globe.Visual,auditory, tactileDwrChoosingan example to illustrate the nature of sensory theatre is a tricky balancing act as one mustiness therefore, in some instruction at least, pre-define ones understandingof the genre. How do we choose between the senses? After all, since the name ofsensory theatre does not make any kind of distinction, do we consider thesenses of sight and earreach more important than the other three since they areoverwhelmingly the most stimulated in matters of theatre? A distinction such asthis would make sense certainly but since sensory theatre is often seen asstanding alone from usual theatre, perhaps it would be unfair to appraise itthanks to assumptions based on more conventional modes of theatre. Instead,the best way to gain a true idea of sensory theatres snip of potentialimpacts would be to base an example upon several criteria. Firstly, although itwould be somewhat over-expectant to try and find a play which could tap allfive of our senses, several attempts at sensory theatre have successfully industrious audiences on three senses, if not four. Herein has been c hosen Dwr,a Welsh meet put on in 2003 in Aberystwyth and then broadcast on S4C on thearts programme, Croma.Theset-up of the piece was simple. The audience were sit on one side of thestage on a raised-up area, overlooking a long perpendicular dinner party table. Theinside of the table, rather than being an ordinary flat surface, had beenhollowed in order to form a shallow pussycat some six inches deep along thetables entire length. The pool was filled with a level amount of money of clear waterat the bottom of which a table had been set ready for dinner, complete withplates, cutlery, glasses and napkins. Above the audience, undimmed down upon thetable was a immobile projector which reflected the pool of water onto a backprojection screen in a way which magnified and increased the shadows cast byany ripples in the water. Six audience members were asked to be seated at thetable, as if for dinner before being submitted to a range of experiences by theactors whilst cameras recorde d their reactions. These sensory experiments all gnarled stimulation of an audience member in matters of sight, sound, taste orfeeling. We shall look at the manner in which each of these senses was tappedas well as Dwrs technical set-up.Firstof all, if one were to ask any theatre-goers, it would be certain that even themost intermittent of these would claim the two most stimulated senses in thetheatre are that of sight and hearing. Whilst conventional thinking would allowthis to be true, a distrustful perspective would add that since our behinds orfeet, depending on posture, contribute much to the enjoyment of a theatricalperformance three senses, not two, must all be satisfied for a performance tobe considered praise-worthy. After all, although stage design is an oftforgotten art among those who are not privileged to the inner workings oftheatre, the choice of venue often signifies how an audience will feel duringthe performance. Stage design is often considered only in terms of s ets, propsand technical apparatus whilst the idea of crowd comfort is often overlooked.In the case of Dwr, the crowd comfort was adequate but the truly interesting phenomenon for the audience of this play was that their peers were submitted to the action contained within it. The stage design was such that the light poured onto the water was talented enough to cause the right amount of shadow reflection whilst not blinding either the audience or the actors. This careful use of projection in order to achieve the desired effect was a technique made famous of Josef Svoboda who pioneered the use of audiovisual projection in theatre to enhance the general experience. The stimulation capabilities of a performance, when combined with camera and sound equipment, is vastly heightened thus cementing Svoboda as one of the great names of sensory theatre.Asfar as the audience members who became a part of the performance itself, thesenses stimulated were done so in a way which gave every sense t he time tofully absorb the impact of its experience. First of all, each audience memberwas seated at the table in the guise of a dinner guest but asked not to talk toeach other or carry out any action except if indicated to do so by one of thesurrounding cast. First of all, each dinner guest was asked to remove theirshoes and socks before move up onto the table into the water. The stage itselfwas kept at a warm temperature in contrast to the cold water, fashioning the changein surroundings quite drastic. Then, the audience member was asked to burst aplastic bag full of water with a long hooked pole. The water would thus droponto the audience member along with a fake plaster egg.The audience member would then be lead back to their seat, given a towel to dry off before being given two chopsticks. After breaking the egg on the side of the table, the table of contents would then be spilt onto the plate just below the surface of the water. Each egg contained some nutrient coloring, sp reading across the table along with the ripples, along with a small piece of paper. Each piece of paper learned the face of a man, wearing different emotions, whilst a brief poem on the back seemed to explain the expression, a poem that would be read by one of the surrounding cast to the relevant audience member. The relationship between the pictures and the poems may not have been immediately obvious but the reactions of the audience members were still assured to be both personal, if not natural due to unusual surroundings and unrivalled experiences.These reactions were filmed by the technical crew on video cameras, adding another level of complexity to the performance as the traditional boundaries between cast and crew become blurred. Furthermore, Dwrs entire performance was played out under a constantly shifting pattern of music which although always instrumental would speed up in tone or gently slow down in function of events happening in the play.Thepurpose of using Dwr as an illustration of the modern applications ofsensory theatre and its meaning to a present-day audience is threefold. Firstof all, the clock of the piece and its broadcasting on a national channelalong with subsequent interviews with the chosen audience members proves theinterest placed in it by a major broadcaster as the BBC has major impact uponS4C scheduling. Secondly, the sensual experience of the show provided afascinating outlet for the audience members, both for those who took an activepart or a passive part, to find out more about what constitutes modern sensorytheatre.Although the audience numbers for this show were relatively small and thus can only provide us with a minor cross-section of theatre-goers, the positive feedback gained at the end during the interviews can give a lot of hope as to the future of sensory theatre. Finally, to use an example such as Dwr gives us a view as to what kind of reaction this genre of theatre would meet with. Dwr covers a broad base of senso ry theatre as its performance, not only stimulating several of the senses themselves, dealt with a range of theatrical theories and ideologies which we shall look at in further detail. By separating audience members from each other, creating many layers of humans between crew and cast, audience and cast and audience and crew, Dwr rejectedmany traditional aspects of theatrical performance.However, by engaging its audience/cast members with an individual experience through the messages contained within the eggshells and filming their response, Dwr could be said to have engaged with a more conservative Aristotelian version of theatre. Each audience member not involved with the show directly as a dinner guest will have experience the play as a visual and auditive experience but it is for the six members of the audience at each performance that Dwr transcended the limits of ordinary theatre and became a emotional and sensory journey felt by each in their own individual way.Below, we wil l be casting an eye at the ways in which theatrical pioneers such as Brecht and Artaud tackled the rigours and the conventions of an art form that they viewed as being a free form, lacking in any structural restrictions. Before doing so, we can still observe that even if Dwr did pander even the slightest bit towards an Aristotelian theatre, the main body of its performance was firmly in the territory of Artaud as we can see when applying this passage to precisely the type of theatre Dwr tries to avoid.If people are out of thehabit of going to the theater, if we have all finally come to think of theateras an inferior art, a means of popular distraction, and to use it as an outletfor our worst instincts, it is because we have learned too well what thetheater has been, namely, falsehood and illusion. It is because we have beenaccustomed for four hundred years, that is since the Renaissance, to a purelydescriptive and narrative theater storytelling psychology it is becauseevery possib le ingenuity has been exerted in bringing to life on the stageplausible but detached beings, with the spectacle on one side, the public onthe other and because the public is no longer shown anything but the mirrorof itself. Shakespeare himself is trusty for this aberration and decline,this disinterested idea of the theater which wishes a theatrical performance toleave the public intact, without setting off one image that will shake theorganism to its foundations and leave an ineffaceable scar. If, in Shakespeare,man is sometimes preoccupied with what transcends him, it is always in order todetermine the ultimate consequences of this preoccupation within him, i.e.,psychology. (Artaud,No More Masterpieces, 1976)Evensuch divides as between audience and actors, theatrical conventions that are sohabitual as to often be altogether forgotten, were not sacrosanct enough fordirectors, playwrights and actors such as Brecht, Artaud and Svoboda.TheBrechtian impact or the alienation of theatri cal traditionEarlierin this dissertation, it was suggested that Aristotles views on theatre andsubsequent impact thereon had diminished somewhat with the dawn of a time wherethe philosophies of the Ancient Greeks mattered little. However, the centuriesthat his views transcended have signified that they could not dissipate soquickly. Many modern opinions on theatre, however avant-garde or post-modernistthey wish or claim to be, are still make largely on the back of the opinionsof men such as Aristotle. However, this obstacle would be taken to piece by menand women like Brecht, who wished not to merely co-exist with existing viewsbut confront their defenders and destroy the ideological entrenchment that manytheatre critics had resorted to in the face of the changes sweeping throughtheir beloved art form.In his early plays, Brechtexperimented with dada and expressionism, but in his later work, he developed astyle more suited his own unique vision. He detested theAristotelian drama and its attempts to lure the spectator into akind of trance-like state, a total identification with the hero to the point ofcomplete self-oblivion, resulting in feelings of terror and pity and,ultimately, an emotional catharsis. He didnt want his audience to feelemotionshe wanted them to thinkand towards this end, he determined todestroy the theatrical illusion, and, thus, that dull trance-like state he sodespised. The result of Brechts research was a technique known asverfremdungseffekt or the alienation effect. It wasdesigned to encourage the audience to forbear their critical detachment. (Imagi-nation,2003)Thisis not to say though that to achieve such an accomplishment was possible formerely any theatrical commentator. It took men of special gumption, gravitasand guts to dare attack such a powerful establishment as that of traditionaltheatre. Bertolt Brecht was one of these. Blessed with the ability to fightbattles on several fronts whilst still maintaining a clear head, Brecht be ganto cause disceptation early on in his career. Looking to fulfill a desire formore relevant and modern theatre amongst German theatre-going audiences,Brecht, through plays such as Drums in the Night and with therecognition of director Erich Engel, flirted with an expressionistic style thatbefitted his rebellion status but left Brecht himself feeling uncomfortable.Although his style was becoming fashionable and it would undoubtedly havebrought him his time in the spotlight, Brecht felt that he should discover aplaywriting identity which was his own and not borrowed from anybody else. Ifwe consider that at this time Brecht was writing in post World War I Germany,we can observe the bravery it must have taken for him to make this type ofdecision.Duringthe turbulent years of the socialist rise in Germany and the Weimar Republic,Brecht knew a petty(a) amount of success in both theatre and literature thanks toplays such as In the Jungle of the Cities and his partnership with Engeland Hans Eisler but he was only just beginning to find his feet in a style allof his own. The final step in this direction would be his years with his owncollective of writers, the most famous takings of which would be the Lehrstuckewhich would form the root of the theatrical changes and theories we thinkof as Brechtian today. Lehrstucke propounded that passive audiences werea thing of the past in matters of theatre and that it was necessary foraudiences to become more actively involved in a performance whilst keeping astrong level of emotional distance in order to remain capable of rational thoughtand criticism. This collection of thoughts would slowly pass into commonpractice in theatrical troupes and communities around the world, a practiceknown as epic theatre.Epictheatre today may seem as historical and pass as Aristotles views did forBrecht but the truth is that the numerous and varied adaptations of epictheatre have formed much of todays common theatrical practices. Before Brech t,the demarcation between the audience and the actors was sacrosanct. SinceAristotle, the status of the star actor had go so much that now actors wouldmerely be cast in a role that was known to be in their repertoire, a fact whichcould lead to truly spectacular levels of diva treatment or ridiculouscastings. memorise for example Sarah Bernhardt whose notoriety had reached suchproportions that she cast herself as Hamlet. This is not to say there isanything wrong with female actors playing traditionally male Shakespeareanparts but it is the manner in which Bernhardt carried out this casting that madethe item ridiculous. Aristotle lamented this type of situation as beingone of the great plagues striking tragedy theatre whilst Brecht merely laughedat it and lambasted it in his own style.His patented Verfremdungseffekt (or disaffection effect) was a sweepingly original style which not only acknowledged the audience as a part of a theatrical production and encouraged them to change th eir own attitudes to theatre. Instead of allowing traditional gaolbreak of disbelief and letting audiences feel as if they were watching a truthful event, Brecht went out of his way to instigate them that what they saw was a representation, a mirror onto existence and never reality itself. This was carried out by having actors un adviseds break character and address the audience to explain the plot, grossly over-exaggerated props or sets in the nerve of an otherwise serious play or great placards on the stage petition the audience to express in a certain way by ignoring a particular happening or to regard less romantically. These unusual situations for an audience confused them and alienated them from the play, hence the name alienation or estrangement effect. This separation from conventional theatrical theory became very fashionable after the war in both America where he lived until being pestered by HUAC and in communist East Germany where he resided until his last in 19 53. The appeal of Brechts type of theatre across the globe speaks volumes about how the traditions of theatre were rejected by a large section of theatre going audiences.The sensory feel of the Verfremdungseffekt were indirect but by creating this new separation of audience and stage in an allegorical as well as in a physical sense, Brechtian theatre enabled its audiences and directors to experiment with new sensations. The greatest example of this is in some of Brechts later plays such as The Good Person of Szechwan and Galileo. For example, in Galileo, the portrait he paints of the astronomer is of a hag-ridden soul wracked between his scientific duty to tell the truth to an unsuspecting world and the threat of requital from the dark figure of the Grand Inquisitor. This moral dilemma was planned by Brecht as a way to get his audience to think rationally about the situation and contemplate what they would do in such a situation rather than feeling sorry for Galileo.However, if Br echt had one failing, it was that despite his ability to meld together a myriad of sources into a convincing single narrative, he did not understand the human nature of his public. Persuaded that with the right play, he could force his audience into abandoning their emotional side, whether he realized it or not Brecht was asking people to set aside the precise reason most of them came to the theatre.His theories resulted in a number of epic dramas, among them Mother Courage and Her Children which tells the story of a travelling merchant who earns her living by following the Swedish and Imperial armies with her covered wagon and selling them supplies clothing, food, brandy, etc As the war grows heated, Mother Courage finds that this profession has put her and her children in danger, but the old woman doggedly refuses to give up her wagon. Mother Courage and Her Children was both a triumph and a failure for Brecht. Although the play was a great success, he never managed to achieve in his audience the unemotional, analytical response he desired. Audiences never fail to be moved by the plight of the stubborn old woman. (Imagi-nation, 2003)Anemotional journey where characters could and should be empathized with orcondemned was much of what has always constituted theatres engagement. Eventhe averagely smart and aware audience member does not need the moral absolutesof right and wrong as claimed by Aristotle but the desire to identify with oneor more of the central characters instead of merely rationalizing about theirfates without feeling was too strong in the vast majority of theatre-goers.Brechtis claimed doubly to be both a modernist or one of the graduation post-modernists.Although some claims have been made that a taste for his kind of theatre quicklyinspires in the face of so much cynicism, his importance and the size of hisimpact upon world theatre cannot be underplayed. Today, many of his conventionsare so common as to be taken for granted whilst a collecti ve of Brechtiansstill operates and remains as long-standing proof to the glory of his genius.Conventionalrelief in theatre and Artauds rejection of itEverygeneration is locked in a perpetual struggle with those that come both beforeand after to break free from the shackles of their ancestral traditions, carvetheir own identity and thus prepare the way for a similar fight with thegenerations that are to follow. Although social morays may seem to remain stilland constant, this is only an illusion, one that can only too tardily be piercedby artistic expression. Artists have often been marginalized as second-ratemembers of society, ones that are not indispensable to the everyday streak ofour lives. Seen as not producing useful since all their efforts did not feed,clothe or warm anybody, it became a painful reality that if actors or musicianswanted to survive, they were required to curtail any creativity and pander toprecisely what their audiences desired.While this unfortunate turn of events could be passed off as a mere passage in the history of theatre, it left behind some highly tell-tale signs. The simplest of these is that from the Renaissance onward through the Classical period, theatre had become significant with escapism. The majority of plays, and here one cannot deny Aristotles continuing influence, harked back to former days lamenting a fallen age of glory, honour and noble deeds. Whilst this fond reminiscing was unimpeachable in its desire to awaken a better side of humanity in audiences, it often met with boredom and