Euro Ap Ch. 22 Study Guide

Euro Ch. 22 Study Guide Italian brotherhood * Victor Emmanuel II (VERDI) First King of United Italy, King of Italia * Cavour aboriginal Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia from 1852 until his death, had a realpolitikers vision, promoted economic development, to unify Italy he had to portray Austria so he got help from Napoleon who fea blushful growth of Piedmont and gave them Lombardy but non Venetia to Piedmont and left the rest of Italy disunited, helped achieve a strong parsimony, modern army, resistant political climate provoked Austria to invade Northern Italy Garribaldi a perpetrate republican, dedicated guerilla fighter, set sail from Genoa with a thousand red shirted volunteers to liberate Sicily, where peasants were rebelling against their landlords and the corrupt gov. in anticipation of Risorgimento. Victors rejoicing forces and Garilbaldis met in Naples. Garibaldi threw his support to the queen. In 1861 the kingdom of Italy had Victor as their head.Originally wanted to liberate sicily * Piedmont Sardinia * Role of Napoleon * France promises to help forth Italy with the war against Austria, but switches sids in the middle and makes a treaty with Austria * gave Lombardy to Piedmont, but not Venetia, took Rome for France * left Italy disunited * Role of Francis Joseph Austrian Emperor who signed peace treaty with Napolean 2nd French imperium Napoleon III called himself A man of Destiny, modernizer, promoted strong economy -conservative control with democratic reforms -wanted to economically modernize and reform France -disrupted the concert of atomic number 63 by establishing French domination * Italian Unification napoleon match France against Austria * Crimean war started with conflict between Russian and Ottoman empires. Russia had been expanding into Asia and the Middle East. tsar Nicholas I wanted to absorb much of the Ottoman Empire so Napoleon encouraged him to be more aggressive in his elaboration which provoked a war between Ottomans an d Russians. Brits started to support Ottomans and so did french. Nicholas died and his give-and-take Alexander II took everyplace and asked for peace. * Maximillian & Mexico was the brother of Habsburg emperor Francis Joseph, installed as convention of Mexico by napoleon but Mexico revolted and executed him * Collapse after Franco Prussian War end of 2nd empire Policies- free-trade agreement with Britain, backed the mental hospital of innovative investment banks, (late 1850s) allowed working class organizations to form, introduced democratic features into his governing methods Crimean War * Russia vs Turkey, Britain, France * Good weapons, bad tactics * Florence Nightingale British women who read more or less how Britain wasnt taking care of their soldiers and so she decides to help * Efforts to reform Russia * windup to serfdom * Mir communities prevent reform German Unification Wilhelm I king of Prussia who appointed Bismarck as prime minister in hopes that he would quash th e growing power of the liberals in the Prussian parliament * Otto wagon train Bismarck, the Iron Chancellor * Vs. Liberalism * Vs. Denmark 1864 * Vs. Austria 1866, tricked Austria into declaring war on Prussia which Austria lost * Schleswig & Holstein * Austrias twofold Monarchy Hungarians could rule over themselves too * Vs. France 1870 * Kulturekampf culture war against religion by Birmarck. German gov. xpelled the Jesuits from Germany in 1872, increased state power over the clergy in Prussia in 1873, introduced obligatory courtly marriage in 1875 * Working frame Suffrage upper class votes counted more than those from lower * Iron & rail line Progress * Haussmanization process of urban change, rebuilding of Paris, clean (water, neighborhood), wider pathways * Pasteur came up with seed supposition, suggested that certain organisms like bacteria and parasites might be responsible for adult male and animal diseases * Lister Education Reform middle classes argued that civil a ssistant jobs should be awarded according to talent and skill rather than automatically go to those of aristocratic birth or political connections. In Britain a civil service law passed in 1870 requiring competitive examinations to assure competency in government posts * Darwin nature is a constant struggle for survival (natural selection), benevolent development came about through evolution * Religious conflicts Herbert Spencer & social Darwinism Imperialism * Indian Mutiny * Government of India Act established direct Britain control over india * Suez channel connects Mediterranean sea to Red sea, shortcut to asia * Panama Canal Scandal * Taiping rebellion * Meiji restoration Japans attempts to modernize itself intellect Movements * Bakunin & Anarchism anarchism maintained that the existence of the state was the root of social injustice.According to Bakunin, the slightest misdemeanour on freedom, especially by the central state and its law, was unacceptable * realness in the a rts & Literature rejection of emotionalism & romanticism * Positivism theory claiming that careful study of facts would generate accurate and useful laws of society * The try of Marxism opposed both mutualism and anarchism * Das Kapital adopted the liberal inclination that human existence was defined by the necessity to work to run basic needs such as food, clothing, and shelter. * The Commune of Paris