Character Profiles From Oneils Long Days Journey Into Night Essays

Character Profiles From O'neil's Long Day's Journey Into Night James Tyrone Description: James Tyrone is 65 years of age, but looks to be in early 50s. He is about 5ft 8inches tall, is broad-shouldered, and deep-chested but appears taller and more slender due to his soldierly posture. Walks tall, head up, chest out, stomach in and shoulders squared. Very attractive for being older, he has deep set dark brown eyes and thinning gray hair. Sports a full white beard. Personality can be described as cheap, penny- pinching and stubborn. Has a very strong reputation of alcoholism and often turns to denial when faced with serious issues. Not to be trusted. to fix serious family problems. Relationships: Married to Mary, of whom he is afraid to confront about such issues as her abuse and addiction to drugs. Wont try to solve problems, but basks in alcohol as a means of forgetting them. James is father to Jamie (who seems to have inherited alcoholism) and Edmund (who is dying of consumption). James often blames Jamies drinking and brothel frequenting for the familys problems, driving Jamie farther into his hole of despair. James seems resentful of Edmund who, being ill, costs great amounts of money to care for and still insists on turning the lights on. James himself tries not to add to the familys problems directly, but in avoiding them so much as to turn to drinking in order to forget them completely, he almost triples the depression and dysfunction. Attitude: Because of a hard time as a child, helping to raise a family with his struggling mother, James Tyrone grew up spending money as little as possible. He grew up learning to find the cheapest route, learning to save every possible dime and learning that others prosper off their pain (which is why he refuses, continuously, not to make those damn electric power companies rich). Goals/Dreams/Values: Had wanted to become a great actor, one of the greatest of his timeand he easily could have been. Sadly his dream was destroyed after buying a script he thought would be one of his greatest investments, and it was, too good actually. He became recognized as one character, he became lost in that character and completely lost his talent of versatility. No longer capable of learning new scripts or portraying new characters, James lost himself, and his dreams, in a prosperous play for the rest of time. Mary Tyrone Description: Mary is 54 and of medium height. With a young, graceful figure, and a small amount of plumpness, Mary shows little sign of middle age waist and hips. Appearance is that of a very Irish woman. White hair is always tightly pulled up and back perfectly. Has a jittering, nervous tendency to her behavior. Her hands never stay still, stricken by rheumatism, they are scraggly and shaky. Mary herself is a very elusive person, falling in and out of her Morphine addiction. She is a very nervous, yet level-headed woman when not on drugs, but when under the influence becomes distant and whimsical (as though she were still a very young, innocent, naive child). Relationships: Married to Tyrone, of whom she distances herself from as much as possible. Avoids much of family, in order to do her drugs without accusations against her (despite the truth in the accusations). Mother to Jamie, whos drinking problems she almost seems to defend, mostly, it seems, to take the attention off of her obvious problems and place it on his. Such behavior only reminds Jamie more and more of her obvious morphine problems and once again he is pushed deeper and deeper into his hole of despair. Mary tends to find comfort in directing attention on other peoples issues. She tells Edmund not to drink because of his condition, but when the bottle is out she encourages it. She blames all of her problems on her family, but mostly on James cheap behavior. Attitude: Finds little drive in life, ever since falling into drugs and a depression that forced her to recognize every little mistake she ever made. She regrets everything shes done with her life, from marrying the husband she claims to love, to becoming a mother. Tries to drift away from

Glry essays

Glry essays Glory America's Civil War was one of the most important wars in the History in the United States. In this war about 700,000 Americans were killed and nearly 37,000 of these casualties were of men of the African American descent. The movie Glory is one of the best-known movies of African Americans from the North fighting in the civil war. This story is largely seen through the eyes of Robert Shaw, the young commanding officer of the fifty-fourth Massachusetts volunteer African American Regiment. The soldiers of the 54th Regiment faced many hardships. Due lack of supplies, soldier's feet were all bloody and full of blisters. One solider received a brutal military whipping as a punishment when he was caught deserting trying to find shoes. Uniforms weren't being given out for a while too. The men also received news that they were only to receive pay of ten dollars rather than receiving thirteen dollars, which the white soldiers were given. At first, soldiers of the 54th were used for nothing but manual labor, until Shaw convinced his commander through the use of blackmail to allow the 54th Regiment to be transferred to a combat command. This tactic proved that these African American men were equal if not better than the white soldiers because of their heart and will to prove their abilities. I think that the key scene in this movie would definitely be the battle at the end of the movie. This was the battle in which Commander Shaw led his black regiment, the first group of men to try and conquer the Confederate fort. Shaw did this knowing that the casualties would be tremendous but he proceeded anyway. This was Commander Shaw's last battle along with most of his black regiment. They died trying to capture the Confederate fort and none of them would have wanted it differently. Though Shaw's regiment was heroic and honored, they were unable to capture the Confederate fort. ...

Physical anthropology - A Feline Paternity Suit Assignment

Physical anthropology - A Feline Paternity Suit - Assignment Example Then if the kitten #1 has GG or Gg then it will have short tail but when gg then it will have long tail. Therefore possible genotypes are GG, Gg and gg. From the information provided, Kitten #2 is almost exactly like its mother meaning that in almost every aspect, the mother’s gene was dominant over the neighbors’ cat. It therefore means that the illustrated traits and phenotypes is exactly as that of the mother. For ticking, the kitten will give birth to two kids having agouti and the other one non-agouti since it has two dominant genes inherited from the mother who is also agouti. Therefore the ratio will be 2:1. Looking at the phenotypes of the Kitten#3 there is high chance that the gene of the father and mother was at balance in almost every aspect, especially when comparing it with Kitten#2 which resemble the mother but has different phenotypes as that of Kitten#3. In the case of agouti, the Kitten does not resemble the mother therefore the trait resulting into this phenotype was from the father. In this case, the gene for non-agouti is N and that for agouti is n. For color density, the Kitten must have taken the trait of the father because we already know that the mother has dense color. Therefore in this case, let the gene for dilute color be D and d for dilute color. The kitten is different from the mother based on the stripe color. The genetic information provided above shows that the mother has a stripe color of black which contradicts with information regarding Kitten#2 who we were told resemble the mother but still has brown stripes. Since the mother is an all black cat, it therefore means that during crossing over, the gene of the mother was recessive over that of the father and could not result in all black cat. It therefore stands that father’s gene for all white cat was dominant. Alternatively, there could be a possibility of co-dominant allele which will alter phenotype when they exist in heterozygous state. Let’s refer to the

U.S. & The Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

U.S. & The Middle East - Essay Example It would produce jobs that could not be outsourced, is environmentally sound and would make the country safer. A nuclear plant has not been built in the U.S. in three decades and is politically toxic. Solar and wind are optimum options but are still in their infancy. The technologies have yet to reach a level of sophistication that allows them to be cost effective for the average user. Soon they will be used nationwide for producing electricity. Oil can only be replaced, at least today and in the near future with natural gas. â€Å"Drill Baby Drill† was a catchy campaign slogan but is not a viable option. The U.S. could never produce enough to end its dependency on foreign oil and it oil is sold on the open market. Just because its drilled here doesn’t mean it will stay here. Batteries can power small cars but not the trucks that carry interstate commerce. Natural gas can. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration â€Å"24 trillion cubic feet of natural gas per year would be needed to replace the 4.5 billion barrels per year we import.† (Ganos, 2012). Currently, the U.S. produces about this amount each year. The government should take the initiative to encourage all transportation vehicles to convert and for natural gas stations to be available to the same degree gas stations are today in addition to electric access stations. If we wait, it may be too late. II. Peace in the Middle East, the uniting of Israel and Palestine in social harmony has not and likely will not ever be a reality. There has been too much animosity and too many points of conflict for too long for the deep-seeded mistrust between these two factions to ease. At one time maybe peace, or at least an uneasy tolerance, could have been a possibility but Arabs feel that they have never been offered compromise and are in no mood to negotiate now. This feeling runs deeply throughout the entire Middle East and other Muslim nations. Israeli overreaches in

Methods and Procedures to Form the Government Contracts in Saudi Essay

Methods and Procedures to Form the Government Contracts in Saudi Arabia and the UNICTRAL Rules - Essay Example It compares it with the Saudi legislation in the government contracting procedures. Government procurement market is one of the largest markets in the world. Countries spend billions of dollars yearly to meet the needs in the various sectors of health, educational and municipal services, communications and technology. Therefore, it is not unforeseen that the issue of government procurement obtains great attention and consideration locally and internationally. Government Contract is an important tool used by the administration to achieve its requirements to ensure that the regularity of the public utilities. In consideration of the importance of government procurement law, many local and international organizations and conventions address government the contracting procedures. One of these agencies is the United Nations through â€Å"The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). It is a â€Å"Model Law on Procurement of Goods, Constrictions, and Services with Guide to Enactment.† The law empowers countries around the world to reconsider their local laws on government procurement that contains uncertainty, lack of clarity, and lack of transparency. Therefore, when countries are drafting their laws, this model law can guide them. Thus, the UNICTRAL Model Law is a model for comparison between its rules and the Government Tenders and Procurement law of Saudi Arabia, which was enacted by the Royal Decree No. M/58 dated 27 September 2006. The papers scope is limited to clarifying the contracting procedures of the government agency in Saudi Arabia when choosing the contracting party. It relates to the Government Tenders and Procurement Law. The process is applicable in the contracting to purchase items or services, whether the contracting method is sealed bidding, limited tender or the direct purchase method. Before 1966, Saudi Arabia lacked an integrated law specialized in organizing the contracts entered

Nursing Reflection | Inequalities in Health Case Study

Nursing Reflection | Inequalities in Health Case Study Introduction Reflection is a process in which we go over the events that we have been through and think over what happened, what we have done, and what we could have done better if we had to find ourselves once again in that situation. Reflection can happen either as we are going through something, or afterwards when we stop and reflect. Reflection helps us to gain insight as to why we act the way that we do and so help us to understand better how we behave in certain circumstances. Reflection is a dynamic method whereby a specialised person can gain awareness and achieve an understanding of how shared, social and individual experiences have contributed to professional training and knowledge (Wilkinson, 1996). ‘We can regard it as having three elements: return to experience, attending to feelings and re-evaluation of experience’, (Boud 2001)., Reflection is a way of developing practical knowledge and students can start using reflection as their knowledge of nursing mounts up. There a re two focal points of significance: unawareness and socio-political significance (Heath, 1998). Knowing is a self-motivated process and a product of individual thinking and changes as the person survives and interrelates in the world. Its qualifications are knowledge, cognizance and reflection. The results are to understand the behaviour and making sense and altering the behaviour, (Bonis, 2009). Reflection is being wary of what you do and say, either when you are experiencing something or afterwards, like when the person is looking through a window and sees himself within the perspective of a specific experience in order to challenge, comprehend and try to solve conflicts amid his own idea of what is right and what he actually practices, (Johns, 2005). Account Whilst on one of my placements at the Commcare I was asked to accompany one of the staff to the multiple daily assessment visits that they do. Commcare is an assessment unit which delivers support to the community by assessing individual needs and then acting accordingly, while at the same time providing assistance and care plans for the individual needs. Assessment is done to calculate the essential needs, to develop care plans, watch for timely improvement, and design delivery of the needed services,(Gamble and Brennan, 2006). Commcare’s aim is help the individual maintain his or her freedom while still living in the comfort of own homes. Individuals are referred to other services if needed. Persons can also be referred to the Malta Memorial District Nursing Association, (M.M.D.N.A.), which is a non-paying organisation, offering nursing and midwifery services. Commcare also provides the services of a physiotherapist, social worker, an occupational therapist and carers. ‘The precise organization and content of health services will differ from one country to another, but in any well-functioning health system, t he network of service delivery should have the following characteristics: comprehensiveness, accessibility, continuity, people-centeredness, coordination, accountability and efficiency’ ,(Global Health Observatory,2014) . After visiting some clients who needed some sort of service or other, we visited the last client on the list for the morning. When we rang the door-bell, a lady, who looked like she was in her early sixties, opened the door for us. As soon as we stepped in we could tell that this was an educated family. The house smelled clean and the occupants looked educated. This could be seen by the way that the house was kept, by their verbal communication and through their body language. Non-verbal and verbal hints are smart signals for transmitting and getting information, (Galloway, 1968). A slightly elderly gentleman joined the lady, and since both of them looked healthy and both were over sixties, I was wondering why we were actually there. Both of them asked us to go up the stairs and then we were guided into another clean room where there was this very old gentleman, with oxygen nasal prongs and sitting in a comfortable chair. The room seemed well equipped to the needs of the patient and some structural to build a small bathroom in his bedroom. The nurse started to ask who was everyone and we found out that whilst the elderly gentleman was the father, the other two were his non-married children and that all lived in the same house. The son, who was a priest, was mostly out of the house especially during the day while the daughter took care of the house and her father. However she was finding it difficult to leave the house even to go shopping since her father had returned from hospital and he needed some supervision and so she could not leave him alone. The father, who was quiet a tall gentleman and who was 92 years old, wished to bathe instead of showering . However he needed some assistance to wash the lower part of his body especially his feet and he would not allow his daughter to bathe him. The nurse was interviewing the daughter regarding her father’s needs and the dad interrupted the nurse to tell him that he must be included in the conversation. I smi led silently to myself as I could see that he meant what he said. The nurse nodded and started to address the gentleman as well but somehow once again he ended up addressing the daughter. The gentleman stood on his feet and cleared his voice with all the highest pitch that he could muster told that nurse that he was still here, on this world and since it was him that they were talking about, he wanted to know what they were saying and to be included in the conversation. The opinions and observations of those that we take care of are necessary to allow us to carry out care compassionately, with pride and respect, (Hemmingway, 2012). This home visit highly contrasted with a home to which we had been a few minutes before. The first thing that I noticed when the door was opened was the musty smell that came out and all that I saw at the time were a pair of very dirty shoeless feet even though the weather was very cold. The man who stood before us looked very old and he was by himself. His home was extremely dirty and poor-looking and I felt that I needed to get out as soon as possible. Conditions in which people live effect a person’s chance to be healthy and jeopardize their life expectancy, (World Health Organisation,2014). When the nurse started interviewing this client they found that he had no-one to help him, had no income and he had a multitude of health issues. Deprived people have more risk of developing disease due to their lower socio-economic status, (WHO, 2011). The man was only sixty-six years old and had been jobless his entire life. Although money was a problem he had been smoking and the nur se did ask him why did he spent the little money that he had on cigarettes and not use them to get food. But going through the only room which he occupied was a picture of him when he was much younger. In this picture he was smoking. People develop coping mechanisms to deal with problems and although this was not a good method to deal with his problems, and he had to be discouraged from using cigarettes, I felt that this issue could be handled later, after his more basic needs were met. Feelings and Thoughts The first thing that came to my mind when we visited this house was the difference in social class that exists on our island. Inequalities in health are not only connected to accessibility to health care services; there are other determining factors linked to the conditions in which we work and live (Whitehead et al., 2014). Barely twenty minutes before had we been to another house just a few minutes away, and the difference was tremendous. I could not help the feeling of the great injustices around us. Here was this educated, well dressed gentleman, warm in his house, being well cared for and looked after, while in the other house, the gentleman lived by himself, alone and dirty, with nothing in the house to eat except a piece of a stale loaf and some dried up tomato paste. Unconsciously I was comparing the gentlemen’s houses and way of living. The first house that we had visited was dirty, had no furniture except a bed in a corner and some very spare items, whilst the second house was very well attended to. I could never have imagined that there was so much difference in the way people lived. I was not blaming anyone but I did think about the inequities in health and social detriments I loved the way that the gentleman kept interrupting the conversation. He was very assertive in the way that he said that he had to be involved in the decisions which were being taken regarding his issues. It is true, some of us, me included, sometimes tend to decide about someone’s well-being without including and taking the opinion of the person about whom we are talking. Although the gentleman was very old, he was still very lucid and aware of what was going on and I felt that we were somehow taking away his dignity because we were treating him as if he was not there and we were taking decisions for him until he stopped us. It is by being conscious of individual actions that the health care professional may change his views and actions to develop more corrective measures in the nurse/client therapeutic relationship, (Maude,2012). Both of his children cared for him in their family home. The son spent a lot of time out of home, but the daughter spent all the time at home with her father and did not seem to have any time for herself. She was also not very young and seemed like she could profit from some help. Her father did seem a little demanding and I thought that she needed a break from her routine. I was glad to note that Commcare could offer the services of a carer for a few hours per week, an offer which she gladly agreed to. Something which I admire in the service is that it looks holistically at the needs of the person and the situation as a whole. Whoever goes to assess the individuals does this with an open mind and help is offered holistically. Holistic needs assessment is a procedure of collecting data from the patients and carer to discuss and improve the client’s requirements and ideals with the person as a whole by ‘integrating their physical, emotional, spiritual, social, and environmental well-being’, (National Cancer Survivorship Initiative,2011). Help is offered at all levels and I was impressed by the way that they follow their clients to see that they are getting what they need. ANALYSES During these placements I noted that most people do not know about the services that are provided and even if they know about them, they do not know how to access them. Maybe the local councils can help in this area by providing lists and telephone numbers to a number of government and non-government services and agencies that are available. Another thing that I noted is that we do our best to see that if possible care is provided in the homes and that is a very good thing, however we do not seem to offer a lot of support for those people who care for their elderly. Emotional illness affects both the way that carers provide the care as well as their private lives. Two of the most common disorders of the carers are anxiety and exhaustion, (Penson et al., 2000). I think that even in this area, local councils can help. They can create groups of local volunteers who could offer their services for a few hours to these people who in return would be able to take care of themselves for a few hours. These placements have reinforced my beliefs that being is nurse is not just helping with the medical and nursing advice. Assessing the patients in their own environment is also important if we are to treat the patients holistically. We are the patients advocate and as that we have to make sure that the treatment that they are getting is adequate. It is also essential to be empathic and supportive. Sometimes we need to put ourselves in that patient’s shoes or maybe ask the question ‘How would I treat this patient if she or he were my mum or dad?’ Practising empathy helps us feel stronger and less stressed because we will understand that we are somehow connected, (Dinkins, 2011). Going through some sites to research for this assignment, I came through an article which really had an impact on me. The article by Rhonda Nay,(2013), is about how our modern civilization has put apart our senior citizens and how this is our problem and that we should value senior citizens ‘and make care of older people and people with dementia an issue of high importance’. Most times we tend to think that old people cannot think for themselves, that they are no longer useful to the community. While it is true that they might not be as agile as they once were, it is also true that they can still contribute to society. ‘ The economic and social contribution offered by older people – in employment, volunteering, or caring for partners, children and other family members– is rarely acknowledged’, (Commission on Dignity in Care for Older People, 2012). Working with helpless people has helped me to improve my skills in handling delicate issues. They have helped me become aware of certain problems which I had not been aware of before, like poverty and like how important it is to look at the clients in a holistic way and without any prejudice. In other words, both the staff and the clients have helped me comprehend the concept of holistic care and the importance of looking at a client’s lifestyle as well as his history and not just focus on his medical condition. We are there to see past the illnesses and we are there to teach patients on how to adopt better lifestyle choices which can positively affect their health. I am sure that having more insight will help me to continue to offer the best service to our clients. References A. (Eds.) Promoting Journal Writing in Adult Education. New Directions in Adult and Continuing Education No. 90. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 9-18. Bonis, S. (2009). Knowing in nursing: a concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(6), 1328-1341. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04951.x Boud, D. (2001). Using journal writing to enhance reflective practice. In English, L. M. and Gillen, M. Charles Galloway, C., (1968), Theory into Practice, Vol. 7, No. 5, Workshop in the Analysis of Teaching), pp. 172-175, Published by: Taylor Francis, Ltd. Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org.ejournals.um.edu.mt/stable/1475983 Commission on Dignity in Care for Older People, pg 6, http://www.ageuk.org.uk/Global/Delivering Dignity Report.pdf?dtrk=true Dinkins, C. (May 10, 2011) Ethics: Beyond Patient Care: Practicing Empathy in the Workplace OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing Vol. 16 No. 2. Gamble and Brennan, 2006, Working with serious Mental illness. Global Health Observatory, 2014, Service Delivery, http://www.who.int/gho/service_delivery/en/ Heath, H. (1998). Reflection and patterns of knowing in nursing. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 27(5), 1054-1059. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1998.00593.x Hemingway,A., (2012), â€Å"Humanity, respect and dignity are the foundations of practice, www.nursingtimes.net / Vol 108 No 40 / nursing times ,Pg 11 Johns,C., Transforming Nursing Through Reà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ective Practice; Chapter 1., Expanding the Gates of Perception, Pg 2. Maude,P., (2012), Utilising Reflective Practice Journals to Explore Student Fears and Feelings during Psychiatric Nursing Clinical Placement, International Journal of Modern Education Forum (IJMEF) Volume 1 Issue 1,August 2012, Pg 21 National Cancer Action Team, London: NCAT; 2011. Holistic needs assessment for people with cancer: a practical guide for healthcare professionals, http://www.ncsi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/The_holistic_needs_assessment_for_people_with_cancer_A_practical_Guide_NCAT.pdf nals. Nay,R., (2012), An age-old problem: society fails to truly embrace its seniors., http://theconversation.com/an-age-old-problem-society-fails-to-truly-embrace-its-seniors-16299 Nonverbal Communication Penson, R.T., Dignan,F.L., Canellos,g.p., Picard, C.L., Lynch,T.J., Burnout: Caring for the Caregivers , The Oncologist 2000; 5:425-434 Whitehead, Povall, S., Loring, B., WHO, (2014), The equity action spectrum: taking a comprehensive approach; Guidance for addressing inequities in health, Pg 3, http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/247631/equity-action-090514.pdf?ua=1 World Health Organisation, 2004, Social Detriments, http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-determinants/social-determinants/social-determinants World Health Organisation, 2011, 10 facts on health inequities and their causes, http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/health_inequities/en/

Developing an Appropriate Response to Child Abuse Essay -- Child Abuse

Child abuse is one of the fastest growing social problems in the United States. A social problem is, â€Å"a condition that a significant number of people believe to be a problem. A condition in which there is a sizable difference between the ideals of a society and its actual achievements† (Coleman et al. 2006:2). However, society has changed the way it views the issue, and is working towards finding a solution to this awful problem. Child abuse encompasses four main areas: physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect. Child abuse is considered a sociological phenomenon because it is a learned behavior. Learning the social patterns as to why people abuse will give a better understanding to its reasons, and also the development of society in the way that it views children. 3.6 million children were victims of abuse in the year 2006. Sixty four percent were victims of neglect, sixteen percent suffered from physical abuse, and eight percent were sexually ab used. Also in 2006, 1,530 children died as a result of abuse; an average of four children everyday (Child Welfare Information Gateway 2008). A study was done by David G. Gil, author of Violence Against Children: Physical Child Abuse in the United States and Journal of Marriage and Family, conducted a study about the types of child that was abused. His findings indicated that children of all ages are abused. He also found that abused children are more likely to come from single-parent homes or from large families. Income, occupation, and education are all factors that indicate the higher rates of abuse. Most children in his sample were abused by their mothers, and fewer than half the abused children in his sample were living with their biological father... ...lcohol abuse problems, children are often the most vulnerable. Briere (1992) talks about society’s responsibility to take care of its future, and using the feminist, functionalist, and conflict theory perspectives, it is our responsibility to change the way in which children are taken care of. The treatment of childhood maltreatment effects is still in its infancy, however. It is likely that the next decade will bring with it a burgeoning of treatment techniques and approaches relevant to child abuse. As this field develops, so too grows the opportunity for clinicians to provide increasingly more effective services to abuse survivors. To the extent that child abuse trauma underlies a significant proportion of modern mental health problems, these developments are likely to have substantial implications for mental health practice in the years to come. (P.163)

Heroin Addiction & Methadone Maintenance

Liberty University Disintermediation, aka: heroin, smack, horse, black tar, china white, and H, the slang names are as numerous as the places you can score this highly addictive narcotic. Heroin, a derivative of morphine, via opium, which comes from the resin of the Paper cuneiform plant has been in use for nearly 3500 years (Dowdies,2012, p. 137). To understand the fascination, addiction, and potential therapies of heroin, we must first understand its history.Before man knew anything about chemicals and rugs, they knew about the land the animals and plants that were used in relieving various ailments. Prehistoric man noticed that if they ingested the resin from the opium poppy there was pain relief. In the late sass's, a German merchant named Frederica Brayer invested in scientific research and with the help of a young German pharmacist call Frederica Serener purified the main active ingredient of opium (Dowdies, 2012). Serener named his new drug â€Å"morphine† after the Gre ek god of dreams â€Å"Morpheme†, which later would be renamed morphine.Heimlich Dresser joined Brayer in his hunger for producing chemical based medications, and ended up evildoing two of the most famous drugs in the world today. By adding two acetylene groups to the morphine molecule, they developed the drug the coined â€Å"Heroin†, and a year later, they developed a natural drug of salicylic acid, which they named â€Å"Aspirin. † Brayer would go on to bottle and distribute a pre-war version named â€Å"Heroin†, named after the common word â€Å"heroic† meaning heroic- known to German doctors to mean â€Å"power! The bottle labeled simply â€Å"Heroin† was available to the public, containing 5 grams of heroin substance and indications included alleviation of pain o the suffering. By the early sass's, an article entitled ‘The Heroin Habit Another Curse' was published in the Alabama Medical Journal, drawing attention to the severe w ithdraw symptoms of those using heroin, but this would not stop other physicians from abandoning the highly effective drug. Another physician C. D. Track), went on to write that â€Å"l feel that bringing charges against heroin is almost like questioning the fidelity off good friend.I have used it with good results† (History Today,Heroin: A Hundred-Year Habit). There was such a success in the reduction of pain in the offering community that even physicians were reluctant to give up such a successful drug. It seemed that there was evidence that morphine had a huge potential for addiction; so in response they had suggested heroin in its place. Ironically, this would be one of the medical community biggest mistakes. The United States became one of the first to notice the serious problem of addiction as other countries had already enacted controls of dangerous drugs.The U. S. Constitution however, allowed this to be monitored on a state-by-state level, making each state responsib le for the regulation of the drug. This would lead many states to putting the restrictions upon the people and giving the physicians the decision to prescribe it as necessary, leading to what would be a â€Å"black market† for the highly wanted drug. Even with the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, that demanded all drugs be labeled with the contents of their products, there was opium, cocaine, or even cannabis (U. S. Dept. Of Health and Human Services).This new addition of the labeling seemed to carry some weight, as many people began to worry about addiction; not before however there was an estimated quarter of a million Americans suffering from it. Jump ahead into the twenty-first century and the statistics may have changed somewhat, but not drastically. What has been a significant factor is the crime rate increase in order for those addicted to stay â€Å"well. † Communities faced with how to treat the opiate addicted; beyond the obvious by placing them in Jail or pri son. The behavior of crime may be rehabilitated, but not the addiction itself, which for most was the only driving factor.It's a vicious cycle, and for most the frustration is bigger than their habits. Some countries, such as the United Kingdom do have physicians who will prescribe iron (although rare) for the addict unable to reap the benefits of methadone maintenance, or the terminally ill suffering extreme pain. Specialized â€Å"injecting centers† are available to addicts trying to dodge the street heroin complexity, in countries such as Switzerland, Germany, Holland, Australia and even Canada. There are still very strict laws enforced with the purchasing or smuggling of heroin in these countries, thus rigid program regulations must be followed.Methadone maintenance treatment (MAT) remains the preferred form of treating opiate addiction, and â€Å"has demonstrated strong efficacy in the outpatient treatment of opiate dependence (Hetman et al, 2009). For those familiar wi th MAT, usually those who suffer from opiate dependence, healthcare professionals, and the rehabilitation community, there are mixed feelings. The term MAT can be misunderstood, â€Å"perhaps micrometeorites when called a treatment for opiate (narcotic-analgesic) addiction, is simply systematic dispensation of a synthetic Podia† (Meyers & Salt, 2013) that curbs the withdrawal symptoms.For many, these programs have allowed the addicted to return to social stability, stop criminal activities, and enter back into he workforce or educational world. The HIVE/AIDS community has really shown significant advantages to the MAT programs, thus reducing the number of DID (intravenous drug users) contracting the virus via hypodermic needles and tainted â€Å"works. † MAT has shown to be effective because of its ease of administration of the synthetic Podia, which is generally liquid and taken once per day at a highly regulated center.The runny nose, chills, stomach cramps, nausea a nd vomiting, skin crawling that many heroin users suffer from while trying to â€Å"kick it† are absent when taking methadone. The program doses the client with a leveled amount of methadone, allowing the patient to attend to â€Å"normal activities† such as driving, studying, working, without the worries of sickness. These programs generally have very strict rules and are governed by the government, specifically the Drug Enforcement Agency.Psychotherapy along with MAT is the choice of most clinics, and people generally feel strongly one way or the other about such programs. In a 2013 research project, the behaviors concerning MAT were becoming more positive, as the research becomes more readily available to the general public. For the U. S. And other countries, MAT has remained â€Å"controversial for a long period of time† (You, L. , et al.. ). For many years, public viewed MAT as simply a trade out for the heroin user, and thus did not change their addictive behaviors, only their cravings. A combination of counseling and psycho-pharmaceutical support to methadone detoxification is most effective† (Milky, 1988 – via Myers & Salt, 2013), although many chronic long term heroin users may be in such a program on a maintenance level of treatment, Just as a diabetic takes his insulin, thus the heroin addict take his methadone. This is where many critics of MAT occupy its strongest argument. MAT has been called the â€Å"outcast stepsister in the addictions field† (Myers & Salt, 2013); with MM clients being stigmatize by everyone from peers to the entire healthcare system, even the addictions field itself.Today's communities seem to be changing, as a current 2013 Brown University research report indicates; â€Å"The choice of treatment has to be individualized to their risk factors and the overall conditions as they enter the MAT† (Psychopathology Update, 2013). For many heroin addicts, the addiction is the beginning of a long line of difficulties, thus the program often elapse with a great deal more than dosing and addiction counseling. Many addiction counselors find themselves being solicitors of social services such as housing, food stamps, medical care, and often many doors remain closed to the addict using MAT.Again, it is a misrepresentation of program that is making changes in the lives of those suffering from addiction, no matter the path leading to it. The percentage of â€Å"no use† clients within the MAT program show a 48% recovery rate during the first 90 days, however relapse commonly takes place within the first six months of treatment (Dept. Of Addictive Behavioral Medicine-Europe). This is considered a â€Å"bump in the road†, as relapse is part of the healing process when talking addictions. Despite the effectiveness and widespread use of MAT, and the demonstrated benefit of combining MAT with other more intensive forms of treatment, integration remains a controver sial topic† (Hetman, et al, 2009). Many traditional treatment centers such as those who utilize the 12 Step philosophies, assert that MAT is incompatible with recovery and the abstinence-based treatment models, thus creating a division among them. This kind of thinking is yet another pitfall that carries the heroin addict seeking MAT, into â€Å"secretive mode. In conclusion, heroin addiction and the steps it takes to reach recovery, is anything but uncomplicated.Heroin has the stigma of being the drug that carries names like â€Å"Junkie† and â€Å"channel swimmer† referring to the needle users of heroin, and the works of â€Å"chasing the dragon†, â€Å"kicking' it†, or â€Å"having a monkey on my back†. For years, it was considered the poor man's drug, and today, it's the middle class women and youth that favor its warm, soothing effects. No matter the hundreds of names it's called from china white, to black tar, it's a universal problem with America being one of its number one customers, consuming over 60% f the heroin hitting the streets worldwide (Meyers & Salt, 2013).

Impact of Internal and external environmental factors on business

Impact of Internal and external environmental factors on business Internal and external environmental factors have almost equally relevant impact on any business. Marketers hold to the view that external environment influences the general performance of an organization whilst internal environment only impact on a few departments, this could be the case with Orangin Juice Squeezer.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Internal and external environmental factors on business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Companies that specialize with product creation are in most cases affected with external environment. As an organization that deals specifically with orange juice squeezer, Orangin has to relate its decisions and operation systems to the external environment (Barrow, Barrow Brown, 2012). The changes in the environment will necessitate Orangin Juice Squeezer to come up with informed business strategies in order to survive and triumph in the market. For instance, the corporatio n should carry out a thorough market research based on creating an information processing system that is at par with its competitor’s behaviors and technological innovations (Robert Scott, 2009). External environment factors comprises of competitors, technological advances and government policies. Orangin Juice Squeezer has to make witty decisions and lay informed strategies as an avenue to achieving their objectives. The decisions are to be made after an intensive evaluation of the current market state and the strategies applied by their competitors for a success. This can be only achieved through a thorough research of a market which will reveal the market state and through it an analysis conducted for a planned strategy to be implemented. Competitors pose as pace makers in the market, thus to adapt to the current changes Orangin Juice Squeezer has to be always conscious with the new strategies implemented by their competitors (Camp, 1989).Advertising Looking for e ssay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another fine external environment aspect that Orangin Juice Squeezer has to consider is the ever advancing technology. Technology though, an external factor, has an impact on the internal environment. Any new technology embraced by an organization influences the internal operations of the organization. An effective and systematic analysis of market research findings will guide Orangin Juice Squeezer Company on how to respond to the new technological changes in the market. It will also reveal to them how other market players are responding to the new changes thus keeping them relevant with their decisions. To satisfy the vast variety of consumer needs the company will have to change to any technology that will improve production and quality of their juice (Hariolf Shlomo, 2000). Before responding to any environmental changes, Orangin Juice Squeezer has to evaluate the company’s general success with technology, and also watch the duration within which their competitors take to respond to the new market changes. With all this done Orangin Juice Company will have gathered enough information to make critical decisions that will help them record a success. Different companies respond differently to new trends in the market, it all depends on the facilities available in the business. Stable businesses tend to promptly respond to new changes unlike other unstable companies that slowly or partly migrate to the new changes. For an effective and smooth transition in business changes Orangin Juice Company has to properly equip itself and impose a constructive competition in the market (Shaw, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Internal and external environmental factors on business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The performance of Orangin Juice Squeezer Company wil l largely depend on the external environment due to the nature of its products. External factors such as consumer demands dictate the way a company goes about with its products. Innovative technology and witty market strategies help an organization to meet its goals. Other environmental factors that might affect Orangin Juice Squeezer Company include political factors, inflation, culture and demographics. Political factors comprise of government policies such as standardization of products and other laws that restricts business operations. It will require Orangin Juice Squeezer to fully comply with the political environment as the law states for it to operate in pure space. Culture as an external environment comprises of the social life of consumers and current changes in the lifestyle of the customers. As part of the business environment the juice company has to consider for cultural values of its consumers thus influencing its operation at a larger impact. Lack of complying with t he cultural expectations of the surrounding community may lead to a clash with the community thus repelling potential customers. Linking different products with certain individuals has always affected customers buying decisions. Some customers buy products not to satisfy themselves but to satisfy their loved ones. For example, women’s decision to purchase different items has always been influenced by their need to gratify their family members (Stately, 2002).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However there are a couple of internal environmental factors that might impact on the general performance of Orangin Juice Squeezer as well. They include employees’ morale, organization of machinery and equipment, financial management, technological organizational, culture and management systems. There very presence and capabilities in the organization determines the success of the business. Personnel output is often determined by the way in which they are treated in the company. Workers that enjoy cordial relationships with their managers tend to enhance the general performance of an organization. Other than conducting external marketing in the organization, the company should always conduct an internal marketing on regular basis to boost the morale of employees and achieve success as a result (Shaw, 2007). The Orangin Juice Squeezer ought to have a proper management of their finances. Any business that fails to plan faces the risk of collapsing due to the mismanagement of f unds. The corporation should learn to manage their finances appropriately. They ought to have a budget that will be instrumental in guiding them to spend money for instance on purchasing items that are necessary in the company. Money also needs to be kept aside for the growth of the company. For example, Orangin Juice Squeezer should, before conducting any marketing exercise that consumes substantial amount of money like market research or advertisement, ensure that the exercise will have significant benefits to their organizations. The future plans of the company should guide the budgeting and spending habits of the company. Virtually all organizations have management systems that guide them to achieve their goals and objectives. Such systems always have mixed impacts on the general performance of any business. They are often employed to enable an organization to have unique policies and culture. Such dynamic policies and culture enable an organization to compete with its rivals an d thrive in the market as a result. For example, an organization’s culture may be such that they conduct a market research upon being faced with dangers like poor sales. Consequently Orangin Juice Squeezer should regularly review their working policies to enable them to effectively compete with their rivals in the market. (Shaw, 2007). The way in which a company organizes its machinery and equipments also influences their success. An organization may have sophisticated machinery and equipment but fails to match the agility of their competitors. This is brought about by lack of adequate training for the staff especially in the usage of machinery. Proper training also ensures fewer accidents. It is very important the employees in any sound organization ought to have a general expertise of handling machineries and equipments otherwise they might fail to deliver at the expense of their rivals. Subsequently before Orangin Juice Squeezer embarks on incorporating technology or new e quipments, in their corporation they should ensure that their staffs have the expertise to handle them (Kreitner, 2005). References Barrow, C, Barrow, P Brown, R 2012, The Business Plan Workbook, Kogan Page Publishers, London. Camp, R 1989, Benchmarking: The search for the industry best practice that leads to  Superior performance, ASQC Quality Press, Milwaukee. Kreitner, R 2005, Foundations of management: basics and best practices, Houghton: Mifflin Company, New York. Robert, G Scott, J 2009, Product Innovation and Technology Strategy, Product Development Institute, Washington. Shaw, S 2007, Marketing and management, Aldershot Publications, London. Hariolf, G Shlomo, M 2000, Managing a new product development and innovation: A macroeconomic toolbox, Edward Elgar Publication, London. Stately, R 2002, The Definitive Business Plan: The Fast-Track to Intelligent Business Planning for Executives and Entrepreneurs, FT Press, New York.

Our New President essays

Our New President essays The election is to close to call who would be our new president. The presidential election was one of the wildest and closest in U.S. history. On November 7, all of America was expecting a new president. It turns out that Florida had to do another recount because there had seemed to be a problem in the paper that was used to vote. It had shown that George W. Bush had won, but since the recount was so close the Democratic Party officials asked for the votes to be counted again, this time by hand. As we all know that George W. Bush was finally announced that he was the president of the United States of America. I see a very positive future for George W. Bush as being president. I see this because I like the way he acts in front of other people, unlike Al Gore he tries to impress America by taking his family out to get some ice cream. Also I like how he doesnt smooch with his wife on live television because to me I think that sets a bad example on how to act in certain ways at a specific time because there is a time a place for that kind a stuff. During the first debate (the one where you made us watch for extra credit), I saw that George W. Bush was the right man for this country because he explained things in a very calm sentence and he didnt refer to his opponent on how his campaign ideas were better than his. I also heard that he is a Christian and that he was the governor. I voted for him because I had prayed and asked the lord to show me whom to choose. It also seems t hat he has had plenty of experience; then again Gore has to. Im not sure if George W. Bush said this, but I believe he said that taxes would also go public schools and private schools, so Im happy for that. So, the future that I predict is pretty amazing because I hope to see more private schools with a lot more money. I also hope to see that abortion does not become a normal thing and that it wont carry on ...

Answer the three questions by writing at least a page stating your Essay

Answer the three questions by writing at least a page stating your opinion on each question - Essay Example I, like majority of Americans support death penalty. I have a number of reasons for supporting death penalty. The first reason for supporting it is informed by the belief that retribution is a crucial remedy for crime committed. In particular, I consider death penalty as a natural human response to heinous crimes such as murder. If the defendant is found guilty of taking away a life of another human being, then the life of that particular defendant should also be taken, as that is the only punishment that measures to the crime. The second reason for supporting death penalty is informed by the belief that it will act as a deterrent for other persons who may be considering or may consider in the future to commit similar crime. The severity of death penalty will make it less likely for a person to commit a crime that calls for such a punishment. The final reason for supporting death penalty is incapacitation; this punishment ensures that a convicted offender will not have a chance of co mmitting the same crime again as society will get rid of him or her completely. #2: Do convicted murderers spend too much time on death row before their sentences are carried out? The duration that convicted murderers spend on death row prior to the carrying out of their sentences has emerged as one of the topic of interest regarding the death penalty, recently. It is disturbing to know from the available data that some death row inmates have spent over 20 years on death row awaiting execution. What is more disturbing about this situation is the fact that during this delayed time, these inmates are generally isolated from other inmates, as well as being excluded from prison employment and educational programs. While there are those who think that convicted murderers do not spend too much time on death row before their sentences are carried out, I believe that they do. I think that murderers do spend too much time on death row, a thinking that is informed by available data and statis tics. According to Death Penalty Information Center, the duration that the murderers in the United States spend on death row has become increasingly longer in recent years. Using data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics, Death Penalty Information Center states that the average time between sentencing and execution of murderers in the United States is 178 months (Death Penalty Information Center para 7). This data confirms that indeed murderers spend too much time on death row before their sentences are carried out. This long duration takes huge toll on the inmates, their families, and on the taxpayers. While death penalty proponents and opponents alike agree that careful review that may require longer time is imperative, they agree that too much time is harmful and justice system should find ways of reducing this unacceptable long duration. #3: Can you be a good American and not vote? Traditionally, voting rights have been considered as central to democratic citizenship. Citizensh ip generally implies a bundle of social, political, and civil rights, all of which can greatly be reflected through voting. Essentially, citizenship is a full membership status in a self-governing polity. This conception involves the electoral rights where citizens participate in collective self-government through voting for representatives or directly. Often, it is through voting fo

Applications and ethics of genetic engineering and biotechnology Term Paper

Applications and ethics of genetic engineering and biotechnology - Term Paper Example Biotechnology traces its roots as early as two thousand years ago. In this depiction, commonly referred to as traditional biotechnology, practices of bread baking, alcohol brewing, food crops breeding were evident. However, the recent advancements in molecular biology have provided a new meaning to biotechnology. This is called modern biotechnology and has provided opportunities and challenges to the public. Modern biotechnology can bear significant impacts on the society and the entire world economy. A distinct example of modern biotechnology is genetic engineering (Keener, Thomas and Rekha 2011). Genetic engineering is defined as the process of transferring selected genes of interest between organisms. Additionally, it can refer to the modification of genes within organisms. It can be achieved by addition or deletion of a desired trait. It is through this technique that genetically modified crops or organisms, commonly referred to as transgenics are formed. It has been at the epicenter of public attention and concern to consumers with regards to ethical issues. The objective of this paper is to clearly elaborate the gains made by modern biotechnology in applications such as human gene therapy and genetically modified organisms. With equal measure, these paper discuses the ethical concerns surrounding biotechnological applications (Gifford, 2000). Research advancements in genetic engineering and biotechnology achieved over the last twenty years have had worldwide impacts in a number of ways. Generally, a larger percentage of the public has warmly embraced the technology. Furthermore, the same group has termed it as being beneficial with minimal challenge. However, there is a growing comprehension that new technologies harbor risks, costs and benefits. For example, in 2000 the U.S government increased its funding towards development of biotechnology and genetic engineering. This was a strategy to fight hunger in